Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 853–863

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Water Quality and Trophic Status in Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak

(Variasi Reruang dan Temporal Kualiti Air dan Status Trofik di Takungan Bukit Merah, Perak)

MOHD SHAFIQ ZAKEYUDDIN¹*, AMIR SHAH RUDDIN MD SAH¹, MOHD SYAIFUL MOHAMMAD², NURUL FAZLINDA MOHD FADZIL¹, ZARUL HAZRIN HASHIM¹ & WAN MAZNAH WAN OMAR¹

¹Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Biological Sciences, 11800 Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²Pulau Banding Rainforest Research Center, Pulau Banding, 33300 Gerik, Perak Darul Ridzuan

Malaysia

Received: 14 October 2015/Accepted: 27 December 2015

ABSTRACT

A study of spatial and temporal variations on water quality and trophic status was conducted twice a month from December 2012 to January 2014 in four sampling stations at Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR). The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total phosphorous (TP), PO₄-, NO₂-, NO₃-, NH₄+ and net primary productivity had significant differences temporally (p<0.05) except for pH, total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a. Based on correlation analysis, the amount of rainfall and rain days has negatively correlated with secchi depth and chlorophyll-a (p<0.01). The water level has significantly decreased the value of the temperature, pH, conductivity, TP and NO₂- but it has positive correlation with NO₃- and NH4+. Discharged from Sungai Kurau increased the value of conductivity, TSS, TP and NO₂- as a result from runoff and erosion, thus decreasing the secchi depth values, NO₃- and NH4+. The water quality of BMR is classified in Class II and TSI indicates that the BMR has an intermediate level of productivity (mesotrophic) and meets the objective of this reservoir which was to provide water for paddy irrigation.

Keywords: Bukit Merah reservoir; reservoir; trophic status; water quality

ABSTRAK

Suatu kajian variasi reruang dan temporal ke atas kualiti air dan status trofik telah dijalankan dua kali sebulan dari Disember 2012 sehingga Januari 2014 di empat stesen persampelan Takungan Bukit Merah (BMR). Kepekatan oksigen terlarut (DO), suhu air, konduktiviti, jumlah pepejal terlarut (TDS), jumlah fosforus (TP), PO₄-, NO₂-, NO₃-, NH₄+ dan nilai bersih produktiviti primer berbeza secara signifikan mengikut temporal (p<0.05) kecuali pH, jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) dan klorofil-a. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi, jumlah hujan dan hari hujan berkorelasi secara negatif dengan kedalaman secchi dan klorofil-a (p<0.01). Aras air secara signifikan menurunkan nilai suhu, pH, konduktiviti, TP dan NO₂- tetapi ia berkorelasi secara positif dengan NO₃- dan NH₄+. Pelepasan dari Sungai Kurau meningkatkan nilai konduktiviti, TSS, TP dan NO₂- akibat daripada air larian dan hakisan, lalu merendahkan nilai kedalaman secchi, NO₃- dan NH₄+. Kualiti air dikelaskan sebagai Kelas II dan TSI menunjukkan bahawa BMR mempunyai aras produktiviti pertengahan (mesotrofik) dan memenuhi objektif takungan iaitu membekalkan air untuk pengairan padi.

Kata kunci: Kualiti air; status trofik; takungan; takungan Bukit Merah

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*Corresponding author; email: shafiqzakeyuddin@gmail.com