Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2483–2491

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-18

Anthropogenic Geoasset Exploration in Bukit Besi for Geotourism Development: A Preliminary Study

(Penjelajahan Geoaset Antropogen di Bukit Besi untuk Pembangunan Geopelancongan: Kajian Awalan)

MARILAH SARMAN*, NOR SHAHIDAH MOHD NAZER, KADDERI MD DESA, AZIMAH HUSIN,

NORASIAH SULAIMAN & AMIR HUZAIRY

Centre of Earth Sciences and Enviroment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 14 April 2019/Accepted: 15 August 2019

ABSTRACT

Geotourism is a responsible and sustainable type of tourism package development, equivalent to ecotourism, and other nature-based derivatives of tourism with deeper level considerations on local landscapes and the underlying geological foundation. The area was investigated from the perspective of tourism geoscience sub-discipline with a focus on non-extractive natural resources. Taking into consideration the beach alluvial plain, human community, the biophysical components and the mining artifacts, mineralization, geological formation, mining history and people lifestyle during the active mining period. Bukit Besi’s rail transit system as example, with eleven stations, used to transport people, goods and ores between Bukit Besi and a coastal town of Dungun. Geology of Bukit Besi consist of dominance of shale, quartzite, limestone; intrusion rocks of granite and quartz vein, and metasediment rock. Iron mineralization occurs as a result of replacement in shale, limestone, granite and along the developed fractures. Further study relates the interconnection between iron mineralization and cultural of the residents. Mineralization had created the mining operation in Bukit Besi. History of mining process, life of Bukit Besi residents and railway is part of intrinsic information that make higher value of monument left in Bukit Besi in tourism context. Historical narration of the mining region goes beyond events related to human time frame but spans the geological history of the regions and the story of interactions between human and their environments. These form the basis for the creation of anthrobiogeoasset for regional planning of the region. Secondary utilization of the non-extractive natural resource should incorporate tourism and business components for sustainable geotourism package development of Bukit Besi, Malaysia

Keywords: Cultural; geoasset; geotourism; iron ore mine; mineralization

ABSTRAK

Geopelancongan adalah sejenis pembangunan pakej pelancongan yang bertanggungjawab dan mampan, setara dengan ekopelancongan dan pelancongan berasaskan alam semula jadi dengan pertimbangan tahap yang lebih mendalam terhadap landskap tempatan dan asas geologi yang mendasarinya. Kawasan ini dikaji daripada perspektif sub-disiplin geosains pelancongan dengan tumpuan kepada sumber alam bukan ekstraktif, dengan mengambil kira kawasan pantai, komuniti manusia, komponen biofizikal dan artifak perlombongan, permineralan, formasi batuan, sejarah perlombongan dan gaya hidup penduduk semasa tempoh perlombongan aktif. Sistem transit kereta Bukit Besi antaranya, dengan sebelas stesen, pernah digunakan untuk mengangkut orang, barang dan bijih di antara Bukit Besi dan Dungun. Geologi Bukit Besi terdiri daripada dominasi syal, kuarza, batu kapur; batu intrusi granit dan telerang kuarza dan batuan metasedimen. Pembentukan mineral besi adalah akibat penggantian syal, batu kapur dan granit di sepanjang rekahan yang terbentuk. Kajian lanjut menunjukkan hubung kait yang rapat antara pemineralan bijih besi dengan budaya penduduk. Pemineralan telah membentuk operasi perlombongan di Bukit Besi. Sejarah, proses perlombongan, kehidupan penduduk Bukit Besi dan kereta api adalah sebahagian daripada maklumat intrinsik yang memberikan nilai yang lebih tinggi kepada Bukit Besi dalam konteks pelancongan. Penceritaan sejarah kawasan perlombongan melampaui peristiwa yang berkaitan dengan kerangka masa manusia tetapi merangkumi sejarah geologi kawasan dan kisah interaksi antara manusia dan persekitaran mereka. Ini membentuk dasar untuk kewujudan antrobiogeoaset untuk perancangan wilayah di rantau ini. Penggunaan sekunder sumber semula jadi bukan ekstraktif harus menggabungkan komponen pelancongan dan perniagaan untuk pembangunan pakej geopelancongan yang mampan di Bukit Besi, Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Budaya; geoaset; geopelancongan; lombong bijih besi; pemineralan

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*Corresponding author; email: marilah@ukm.edu.my