Sains Malaysiana 50(11)(2021): 3251-3261

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-09

Kinetic Modeling of Essential Oil Hydro-Distillation from Peels of Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Fruit Grown in Southern Vietnam

(Pemodelan Kinetik Penyulingan Hidro Minyak Pati daripada Kulit Buah Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Ditanam di Vietnam Selatan)

TAN PHAT DAO^1,2,3, HUYNH XUAN PHONG⁴, MAI HUYNH CANG⁵, LONG GIANG BACH^2,3* & NGUYEN VAN MUOI⁶

¹Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

²Center of Excellence for Biochemistry and Natural Products, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

³Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

⁴Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam

⁵Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

⁶College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam

Received: 12 June 2020/Accepted: 3 March 2021

ABSTRACT

Thorough understanding of kinetics plays a key role in improving existing industrial processes. In this study, we attempted to model the kinetics of the hydro-distillation process that produces essential oil from peels of pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) fruit, which is a product with high economic value and a wide range of applications. We first determined the optimal water-to-material ratio for attaining maximal oil yield. Then, further experimental attempts were carried out at different distillation rates to generate experimental data to fit three kinetic models, namely first-order kinetics model, instantaneous washing, followed by diffusion model and simultaneous washing and diffusion model. Overall, the three models have well described the experimental kinetic data on hydro-distillation (R²> 90%). Of which, the simultaneous washing and diffusion model attaining the R² of 99.97% was chosen as the most suitable to describe the kinetics of the extraction process. Estimated parameters also shown that the washing stage occurs more rapidly than the later, diffusion stage. GC-MS results showed that the obtained oil sample was characterized by the dominance of the D-Limonene compound (97.873%).

Keywords: Citrus grandis L.; essential oils; hydrodistillation; kinetics; instantaneous washing followed by diffusion model; simultaneous washing and diffusion model

ABSTRAK

Pemahaman menyeluruh tentang kinetik memainkan peranan penting dalam menambah baik proses perindustrian sedia ada. Dalam kajian ini, kami cuba memodelkan kinetik proses penyulingan hidro yang menghasilkan minyak pati daripada kulit buah pomelo (Citrus grandis L.), yang merupakan produk dengan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan pengaplikasian yang pelbagai. Kami mula-mula menentukan nisbah air-ke-bahan yang optimum untuk mencapai hasil minyak maksimum. Kemudian, percubaan uji kaji selanjutnya dijalankan pada kadar penyulingan yang berbeza untuk menjana data uji kaji agar sesuai dengan tiga model kinetik, iaitu model kinetik tertib pertama, cucian segera, diikuti model resapan dan model cucian dan resapan serentak. Secara keseluruhannya, ketiga-tiga model telah menerangkan dengan baik data kinetik uji kaji pada penyulingan hidro (R2> 90%). Antaranya, model cucian dan resapan serentak yang mencapai R2 sebanyak 99.97% telah dipilih sebagai yang paling sesuai untuk menggambarkan kinetik proses pengekstrakan. Parameter anggaran juga menunjukkan bahawa peringkat pencucian berlaku lebih cepat daripada peringkat penyebaran. Keputusan GC-MS mendedahkan bahawa sampel minyak yang diperoleh dicirikan oleh penguasaan sebatian D-Limonene (97.873%).

Kata kunci: Citrus grandis L.; cucian segera diikuti dengan model resapan; kinetik; minyak pati; model cucian dan resapan serentak; penyulingan hidro

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*Corresponding author; email: blgiang@ntt.edu.vn