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Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2153-2166
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-02
Microhabitats Utilization by Solitary Parasitoids and Predatory Insects as Indicators of Oil Palm
Agroecosystem’s Capacity to Support Insect Species Diversity
(Penggunaan Mikrohabitat oleh Parasitoid Tunggal dan Serangga Pemangsa sebagai Penunjuk Kapasiti Agroekosistem Kelapa Sawit dalam Menyokong Kepelbagaian Spesies Serangga)
AHMAD BUKHARY, A.K.1*,
RUSLAN, M.Y.2, NOOR HISHAM, H.3, MUZAMIL, M.4,
ABU HASSAN, A.1 & IDRIS, A.B.2
1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800
USM Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2Center for Insect Systematics, School
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3FGV Innovation Centre, PT23417, Lengkuk Teknologi, 71760 Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia
4Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, 26400 Jengka, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
Received:
23 June 2020/Accepted: 25 December 2020
ABSTRACT
Microhabitats capacity to support insect
species diversity and persistence were evaluated implementing solitary parasitoids and predatory insects according to different
phases of herbicide and chemical fertilizer applications. Two species of the
genus Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae)
and one species of the genus Pompilus (Pompilidae)
showed relationships on vegetation-type microhabitats, notably natural weeds,
leguminous cover crops, and the beneficial plant Turnera subulata, while two species of the genus Evania (Evaniidae) showed
relationships with chipped oil palm trunks. One species from the genus Odontomachus (Formicidae) as an exclusive predatory ant
was related to both chipped oil palm trunks and the beneficial plant T. subulata. Xanthopimpla parasitoids exhibited abundance fluctuations difference around natural weeds during
herbicide application phases between three- and six-years old oil palm stands,
with decreased and increased abundance patterns of the former and the latter,
respectively. 18 years old oil palm stand showed increased abundance patterns
only along with the different phases of chemical fertilizer applications. The
importance of natural weeds diversity, restrictions of leguminous cover crops,
frequency of herbicide applications, and the arrangements between beneficial
plants and wood-based microhabitats that benefited insect parasitoids and predators were discussed.
Keywords: Microhabitats; oil palm; parasitoid; predator; utilization
ABSTRAK
Kapasiti mikrohabitat untuk menyokong kepelbagaian dan pengekalan spesies serangga telah dinilai dengan menggunakan parasitoid tunggal dan serangga pemangsa berdasarkan kepada fasa penggunaan racun rumpai dan baja kimia yang berbeza. Dua spesies daripada genus Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae) dan satu spesies daripada genus Pompilus (Pompilidae) menunjukkan perhubungan terhadap mikrohabitat berasaskan vegetasi, melibatkan rumpai liar, tanaman legum penutup bumi, serta tumbuhan bergunaTurnera subulata, manakala dua spesies daripada genus Evania (Evaniidae) menunjukkan perhubungan dengan batang kelapa sawit yang diracik. Satu spesies daripada genus Odontomachus (Formicidae) sebagai satu semut pemangsa khas berkait dengan batang kelapa sawit yang diracik dan tumbuhan bergunaT. subulata. Parasitoid Xanthopimpla menunjukkan perbezaan terhadap perubahan kelimpahan pada rumpai liar semasa penggunaan racun rumpai antara ladang kelapa sawit berumur tiga dan enam tahun, masing-masing dengan corak penurunan dan peningkatan kelimpahan. Ladang kelapa sawit berumur 18 tahun menunjukkan peningkatan corak kelimpahan hanya pada fasa penggunaan baja kimia yang berbeza. Kepentingan kepelbagaian rumpai liar, kekangan tanaman legum penutup bumi, kekerapan penggunaan racun rumpai dan susunan antara tumbuhan berguna dan mikrohabitat berasaskan kayuan yang memberikan manfaat kepada serangga parasitoid dan pemangsa dibincangkan.
Kata kunci: Kelapa sawit; mikrohabitat; parasitoid; pemangsa; penggunaan
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*Corresponding author; email:
abukhary@usm.my
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