Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2193-2205

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-05

Phenolic Content and Biological Activities of Ethanol Extracts from Medicinal Plants in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

(Kandungan Fenol dan Aktiviti Biologi Ekstrak Etanol daripada Tumbuhan Ubatan di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia)

FRANXISCA MARIANI^1,2,3, RACHANEEKORN TAMMACHOTE³, IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA⁴, WARINTHORN CHAVASIRI⁵, HUNSA PUNNAPAYAK^2,6 & SEHANAT PRASONGSUK²*

¹Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

²Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

³Divison of Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

⁴Forest Products Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia

⁵Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

⁶Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Received: 7 May 2020/Accepted: 31 December 2020

ABSTRACT

The Dayak tribe are the indigenous people of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and they have experiences in using plants for traditional medicine and the commonly used plants include Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.) Müll.Arg., Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson, Gynura crepidioides Benth., Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R. Br var. robusta, Litsea elliptica, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze these plant species for their phenolic content, and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, and anticancer activities. The total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the phosphomolybdenum method, respectively. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion and microdilution methods against six bacterial strains. The anticancer activity of the plant extracts was assayed against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Based on the ethanol extraction, the highest yield was obtained from L. elliptica (10.42%), while H. robusta extract contained the highest phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant activities. All the extracts exhibited antibacterial activities against all the tested strains of bacteria, with the highest activity found in R. tomentosa extract, which also showed the highest activity against the cancer cells. The ethanol extract from E. phaseoloides exhibited tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC₅₀ = 543.83 ± 51.06 µg/mL). The results herein suggested that the ethanol extracts from some medicinal plants from East Kalimantan have potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-tyrosinase agents.

Keywords: Antibacterial; anticancer; antioxidant; anti-tyrosinase; medicinal plant extract

ABSTRAK

Suku Dayak adalah penduduk pribumi Kutai Barat, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia dan mereka berpengalaman menggunakan tumbuhan untuk perubatan tradisi. Tumbuhan yang umumnya digunakan oleh suku ini antaranya ialah Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.) Müll.Arg., Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson, Gynura crepidioides Benth., Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R. Br var. robusta, Litseaelliptica, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, dan Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksidan, antibakteria, anti-tirosinase dan antikanser dalam spesies tumbuhan ini. Jumlah kandungan fenol dan jumlah kapasiti antioksidan dianalisis dengan menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu dan kaedah fosfomolibdenum. Aktiviti antioksidan menggunakan ujian DPPH dan ABTS manakala aktiviti antibakteria ditentukan dengan kaedah agar telaga sebaran dan mikro-pencairan terhadap enam strain bakteria. Aktiviti antikanser ekstrak tumbuhan telah diuji ke atas sel kanser payudara MDA-MB-231. Berdasarkan pengekstrakan etanol, hasil tertinggi diperoleh daripada L. elliptica (10.42%), manakala ekstrak H. robusta mengandungi kandungan fenol, keupayaan antioksidan dan aktiviti antioksidan tertinggi. Semua ekstrak menunjukkan aktiviti antibakteria terhadap semua bakteria yang diuji, dengan aktiviti tertinggi terdapat dalam ekstrak R. tomentosa, yang juga menunjukkan aktiviti tertinggi terhadap sel kanser. Ekstrak etanol daripada E. phaseoloides pula memaparkan aktiviti perencatan tirosinase (IC₅₀ = 543.83 ± 51.06 μg/mL). Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak etanol daripada beberapa tumbuhan ubatan dari Kalimantan Timur berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan, antibakteria, antikanser dan anti-tirosinase.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; antikanser; antioksidan; anti-tirosinase; ekstrak tumbuhan ubat

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*Corresponding author; email: sehanat.p@chula.ac.th