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Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2207-2218
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-06
Effects
of Different Drying Methods and Solvents on Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa Leaves Extract
(Kesan Kaedah Pengeringan dan Pelarut Berbeza pada Aktiviti Biologi Ekstrak Daun Curcuma
aeruginosa)
1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology
(MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Department of Nutrition, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 3 March 2020/Accepted: 29 December 2020
ABSTRACT
Curcuma
aeruginosa Roxb. is one of the plants from the Zingiberaceae family which the
rhizome has been used for medicinal purposes. However, the biological
properties of the leaves have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study
was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drying methods and solvents
on total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of C. aeruginosa leaf extract. Samples
were dried by oven drying (OD) and freeze drying (FD), and then extracted using
different ratios of ethanol:water (100:0, 50:50 and
0:100). The amount of phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a
spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was tested using the Free Radical
Scavenging (DPPH) test and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP),
while the anti-hyperglycemic test was evaluated by determining the percentage
of α-glucosidase inhibition. The results showed
that FD at 100:0 and 50:50 concentrations had the highest phenolic content (30.88 and 33.06 mg GAE/g extract,
respectively) and highest antioxidant activity value (38.24 and 42.46 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively). For DPPH, FD at
50:50 showed the highest inhibition of 71.48% compared to other extracts.
Whereas FD at 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition
of 25.65, 30.78 and 27.65%,
respectively. However, compared to
Quercetin, the extract showed mild anti-hyperglycemic activity. The results
indicated that FD is the best method of drying while 50:50 showed as the best
solvents. Positive correlation between TPC with antioxidant and
anti-hyperglycemic activities showed that C.
aeruginosa leaf has potential as a
source of natural antioxidant with the presence of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Anti-hyperglycemic; antioxidant; freeze drying; oven
drying; phenolic
ABSTRAK
Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
merupakan tumbuhan daripada famili Zingiberaceae yang mana rizomnya
telah digunakan secara tradisi untuk tujuan perubatan. Namun begitu, aktiviti
biologi daripada bahagian daun masih belum diterokai secara meluas. Oleh itu,
penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kaedah pengeringan dan penggunaan
nisbah pelarut yang berbeza terhadap jumlah kandungan fenol, aktiviti
antioksidan dan anti-hiperglisemik ekstrak daun C. aeruginosa.
Pengeringan ketuhar (PK) dan pengeringan sejuk beku (PB) telah digunakan untuk
mengeringkan daun dan kemudiannya diekstrak menggunakan etanol:air dengan
nisbah berbeza (100:0, 50:50 dan 0:100). Spektrofotometer telah digunakan untuk
menentukan jumlah kandungan fenol (TPC) pada ekstrak. Aktiviti antioksidan pula
telah diuji dengan menggunakan ujian Pemerangkapan Radikal Bebas (DPPH) dan
ujian Penurunan Ferik (FRAP), manakala ujian anti-hiperglisemik pula dinilai
dengan menentukan peratusan perencatan α-glukosidase. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa PB pada kepekatan 100:0 dan 50:50
mempunyai kandungan fenol tertinggi (masing-masing 30.88 dan 33.06 mg
GAE/g ekstrak) dan nilai aktiviti antioksidan paling tinggi (masing-masing 38.24 dan
42.46 mg TEAC/g ekstrak). Bagi DPPH, PB 50:50 menunjukkan peratusan perencatan
tertinggi sebanyak 71.48% apabila dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lain. PB pada
100:0, 50:50 dan 0:100 menunjukkan perencatan α-glukosidase tertinggi
masing-masing sebanyak 25.65, 30.78 dan 27.65%. Namun begitu, apabila
dibandingkan dengan Kuersetin, ekstrak menunjukkan aktiviti anti-hiperglisemik
yang rendah. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa PB adalah kaedah pengeringan
terbaik manakala pelarut 50:50 merupakan pelarut paling sesuai untuk
pengekstrakan daun C. aeruginosa. Korelasi positif antara TPC dengan
aktiviti antioksidan dan anti-hiperglisemik menunjukkan bahawa C. aeruginosa mempunyai
potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan semula jadi dengan kehadiran sebatian fenol.
Kata
kunci: Anti-hiperglisemik; antioksidan; fenol; pengeringan beku; pengeringan
ketuhar
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*Corresponding
author; email: hafeedzarahman@ukm.edu.my
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