Sains Malaysiana 48(9)(2019): 1919–1926

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4809-13

Evaluation of in vitro Bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell Essential Oil against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse)

(Penilaian Bioaktiviti in vitro Minyak Pati Melaleuca cajuputi Powell terhadap Aedes aegypti (L.) dan Aedes albopictus (Skuse)

AZLINDA ABU BAKAR¹*, HAMDAN AHMAD², SALLEHUDIN SULAIMAN, BAHARUDIN OMAR & RASADAH MAT ALI

¹Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

²Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, 11800 USM, Minden Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 4 Februari 2019/Diterima: 13 Jun 2019

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil leaf extract against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The essential oil of the M. cajuputi was obtained via steam hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS for the chemical constituents. GC-MS analysis showed that the essential oil of M. cajuputi contained 13 compounds with two major chemical constituents, 2-propenoic acid (29.55%) and caryophyllene (20.04%). Adulticidal and larvicidal bioassay was evaluated following WHO guidelines. Larvicidal bioassays were conducted with the 10, 50, 80, 100, and 120 mg/L M. cajuputi essential oil against late 3rd instar of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus which give LC50 120.99 mg/L and 222.58 mg/L, respectively. Adult mortality was observed after 24 h with the LC50 of 0.029 mg/cm2 for Ae. aegypti and 0.028 mg/cm2 for Ae. albopictus. In adulticidal bioassay, M. cajuputi essential oils showed effective results at 0.04 mg/cm2 concentrations, with values for KT50 of 77.71 min for Ae. aegypti and 69.49 min for Ae. albopictus. M. cajuputi essential oils exhibited moderate toxicity effects against the larva and adults of Aedes species and may be used as an alternative to chemical insecticide.

Keywords: Adulticidal; Aedes; essential oil; larvicidal; Melaleuca cajuputi

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai aktiviti ekstrak daun minyak pati Melaleuca cajuputi secara in vitro terhadap larva Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Minyak pati M. cajuputi diperoleh secara stim penyulingan-hidro dan dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS untuk menentukan komponen bahan kimia. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan kandungan komponen kimia minyak pati M. cajuputi terdiri daripada 13 sebatian dengan dua unsur kimia utama iaitu asid 2-propenoik (29.55%) dan kariofilena (20.04%). Bioasai nyamuk dewasa dan larva dijalankan mengikut garis panduan WHO. Bioasai larva telah dijalankan dengan minyak pati M. cajuputi berkepekatan 10, 50, 80, 100, dan 120 mg/L terhadap instar 3 Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus yang memberikan nilai LC50 masing-masing, ialah 120.99 mg/L dan 222.58 mg/L. Kadar mortaliti nyamuk dewasa diperhatikan selepas 24 jam dan nilai LC50 yang diperoleh bagi Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus masing-masing, ialah 0.029 mg/cm2 dan 0.028 mg/cm2. Melalui ujian bioasai adultisid yang dijalankan, minyak pati M. cajuputi menunjukkan hasil yang efektif pada kepekatan 0.04 mg/cm2 dengan nilai KT50 ialah 77.71 min bagi Ae. aegypti dan 69.49 min bagi Ae. albopictus. Minyak pati M. cajuputi menunjukkan kesan ketoksikan sederhana terhadap larva dan dewasa spesies Aedes dan dapat digunakan sebagai insektisid alternatif terhadap insektisid bahan kimia.

Kata kunci: Adultisidal; Aedes spp.; bioaktiviti; larvisidal; Melaleuca cajuputi; minyak pati

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azlindaab@usm.my