The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 11 No 1 (2007): 57 - 64

 

 

THE UTILIZATION OF RED GYPSUM WASTE FOR GLAZES

 

Rose Aini Kamarudin * and Mohd. Shahir Zakaria

 

Department of Engineering Sciences & Mathematic, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional,

Km 7, Jalan Kajang-Puchong, 43009 Kajang

 

*Corresponding author email: rose@uniten.edu.my

 

Abstra ct

Red gypsum (RG) is a by -product during the extraction of titanium(IV) oxide from the ilmenite ores and it causes problems such as storing and environmental pollution.   In this study red gypsum, a reddish brown  semi-solid mud, which is the industrial waste of a local company in Malaysia, was investigated for use in the making of glazes for the ceramic industry. The major constituents of RG are hydrated CaSO 4   (70 wt %),  Fe2O3   (30 wt %) and small amount of Al2O3.   The total accumulation of RG in Malaysia is at least 340,000 tons per year. It was found that the addition of up to 36 % of the RG waste was possible in the production of glazes.  The glazes which contain different compositions were examined for their surface hardness properties, chemical strengths in 5 % HNO3 and 5 % NaOH solutions and crazing behaviour at 180 oC under 5 bars of pressure for 2 hours.

 

Keywords:  Red gypsum, waste and glaze

 

References

1.         N.N. Greenwood and A. Ernshaw, 1984, Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press Limited, page 1118.

2.         Personal communications with Tioxide (Malaysia) Sdn Berhad, Kawasan Perindustrian Teluk Kalung, Kemaman, Malaysia.

3.         Chai Mee Kin, Rose Aini Kamarudin, Lee Fai Tsen, 2001, “Chemical composition of red gypsum sample from TiO 2 landfill”, Proceedings of Malaysian Chemical Conference 2001, Nov 7-9, Penang.

4.         Rose Aini Kamarudin, Chai Mee Kin, Lee Fsai Tsen, Shamsu Mohamad, 2002, “Chemical Analysis  and potential application of an industrial waste material from local paint factory”, Proceeding of the  International Conference & Exposition on Pure and Applied Chemistry (PACCON 2002), Bangkok.

5.         Chai Mee Kin, Rose Aini Kamarudin, Lee Fai Tsen, Shamsu Mohamad, 2002, “The chemical indentification of red gypsum and its potential as a glazing agent”, Proceedings of the XIX Regional Conference on Solid State Science and Technology.

6.         Chai M.K., Kamarudin R.A.and Lee F.T., 2003, “The chemical indentification of red gypsum and its potential as a glazing agent”, Journal of Solid State Science & Technology Letter, 10(2), 92 – 98.

7.         Daniel Rhodes, Clay and Glazes for the Potter, Revised Edition, 1973, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, Pennsylvania.

8.         Nevin Yalem and Vahdettin Sevinc, 2000, “Utilization of bauxite waste in ceramic glazes”, Ceramics International, 26, 495 – 493.