Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 1 (2015): 77 – 87

 

 

 

ENHANCEMENT OF PALM OIL EXTRACTION USING CELL WALL DEGRADING ENZYME FORMULATION

 

(Peningkatan Pengekstrakan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Melalui Penggunaan Enzim Degradasi Dinding Sel)

 

Hemavathi Silvamany and Jamaliah Md Jahim*

 

Department of Chemical and Process Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: jamal@eng.ukm.my

 

 

Abstract

In this recent work, application of aqueous enzymatic process to enhance recovery of palm oil was studied. Experiments were carried out to investigate the structural carbohydrate composition of oil palm mesocarp (Elaeis guineensis) and to analyze the effect of different combination of enzymes on the palm oil recovery and degree of digestibility and the respective correlation. The optimum combination of enzymes comprising of Cellic CTec2 (X₁), Cellic HTec2 (X₂) and Pectinex Ultra SP-L (X₃) for Aqueous Enzymatic Oil Extraction Process (AEOEP), were determined using Simplex Lattice mixture design under fixed parameters. Maximum oil recovery of 88% was achieved with ratio of enzymes at 0.46: 0.34: 0.2 (X₁:X₂:X₃), at enzyme loading of 30 mg_protein /10 g_substrate, substrate loading of 50 %w/v, pH 4.8, and 2 hours of incubation at 50 ºC. The conversion of reducing sugar at corresponding condition was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes in degrading fruit cell wall releasing trapped oil. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to indicate the increase in cell wall disintegration leading to higher release of oil with enzymatic treatment.

 

Keywords:  aqueous enzymatic process, Elaeis guineensis, palm oil extraction, Cellic CTec2, Cellic HTec2, Pectinex Ultra SPL

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan proses enzimatik akueus dalam meningkatkan pemulihan minyak sawit. Eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan komposisi struktur karbohidrat dalam mesokarpa kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) dan menganalisis kesan gabungan enzim berbeza ke atas pemulihan minyak sawit dan tahap penghadaman serta korelasi masing-masing. Gabungan enzim yang optimum terdiri daripada Cellic Ctec2 (X₁), Cellic Htec2 (X₂) dan Pectinex Ultra SPL (X₃) untuk AEOEP ditentukan menggunakan reka bentuk campuran Simplex Lattice pada keadaan terkawal. Pemulihan minyak maksimum sebanyak 88% telah dicapai dengan nisbah enzim pada 0.46: 0.34: 0.2 (X₁:X₂:X₃), pada pemuatan enzim 30 mg_protein /10 g_substrat, pemuatan substrat 50% w/v, pH 4.8, dan pengeraman selama 2 jam pada suhu 50ºC. Penukaran gula penurun dikaji untuk menilai keberkesanan enzim dalam mengdegradasi dinding sel mesokarpa kelapa sawit untuk melepaskan minyak terperangkap. Selain itu, imbasan mikroskop transmisi (TEM) digunakan untuk menunjukkan peningkatan dalam perpecahan dinding sel yang membawa kepada pengeluaran minyak yang lebih tinggi dengan rawatan enzim.

 

Kata kunci: proses enzimatik akueus, Elaeis guineensis, minyak kelapa sawit, Cellic Ctec2, Cellic Htec2, Pectinex Ultra SPL

 

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