Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 4 (2015): 730 - 738
ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN SEAWATER AND
SEDIMENT AT KLANG COASTAL AREA MALAYSIA
(Penilaian Kandungan Logam Berat Terpilih di dalam
Air Laut dan Sedimen di Kawasan Pesisir Pantai Klang, Malaysia)
Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan, Farah
Fardiana Mohamad Zaini, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin*
Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: azlin_ariffin@salam.uitm.edu.my
Received:
23 November 2014; Accepted: 27 June 2015
Abstract
Sediments
are capable of transporting loads of adsorbed nutrients, pesticides, heavy
metals, and other toxins. In this study, the samples of sediment were collected
from four sampling points (Kapar, Sungai Puloh, Sementa and North Port) using
sediment core sampler. The cores then was sub-sampled by slicing into 1 cm
slices and dried at 60 oC until mass become constant and the weight
recorded. The samples were pulverized and sieved through 220 µm stainless steel
sieves. Each sub-sample digested using aqua regia acids. For seawater, the
samples were evaporated using the hotplate at 60 °C. The concentration of heavy
metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES). The highest concentration of copper, zinc, iron and
lead was observed from seawater samples obtained from Sementa while highest
concentration of cadmium was found from Kapar samples). Most of the bottom
seawater gives high concentration of the heavy metal compare to the surface.
For sediment, the overall concentration of heavy metal in each layer was
fluctuated. From the analysis, there is a significant correlation for overall
selected heavy metals and the samples (seawater and sediment) that study in
this area.
Keywords:
heavy metals, sediments, seawater, enrichment
factor, pollution
Abstrak
Sedimen mampu mengangkut beban nutrien terjerap, racun
perosak, logam berat dan toksin lain. Dalam kajian ini, sampel sedimen telah
dikumpulkan daripada empat titik persampelan (Kapar, Sungai Puloh, Sementa dan
Pelabuhan Utara) menggunakan teras sampler sedimen. Sample tersebut di potong
(setiap 1 cm panjang) kepada sub-sampel dan dikeringkan pada suhu 60 oC
sehingga berat sampel menjadi konsisten lalu direkodkan. Sampel dikisarkan dan
diayak dengan menggunakan pengayak keluli tahan karat yang bersaiz 220 μm.
Setiap sub-sampel dicerna dengan menggunakan cairan asid regia. Untuk air laut,
sampel disejatkan dengan menggunakan plat panas pada suhu 60 °C. Kepekatan
logam berat ditentukan oleh plasma induksi optik pelepasan spektrometri
(ICP-OES). Kepekatan tembaga, zink, besi dan plumbum dalam sampel air laut yang
diperolehi daripada Sementa adalah tinggi manakala kepekatan kadmium dari Kapar
adalah yang tertinggi. Kebanyakan bahagian bawah air laut memberikan kepekatan
logam berat yang tinggi berbanding permukaan air laut. Untuk sedimen, kepekatan
keseluruhan logam berat dalam setiap lapisan adalah berubah-ubah. Dari analisa,
secara keseluruhannya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bagi logam berat
terpilih dan sampel (air laut dan sedimen).
Kata Kunci:
logam berat, sedimen, air laut, faktor pengayaan, pencemaran
References
1.
Harikumar,
P. S., Nasir, U. P. and Rahman, M. P., (2009). Distribution of heavy metals in
the core sediments of a tropical wetland system. International Journal of
Enviornmental Science and Technology 6(2):
225-232.
2.
Lopez,
M. P., Alonso, J., Valinas M. C. N., and Melgar M. J., (2003). Assessment of
heavy metal contamination of seawater and marine limpet, Patella vulgata L.,
from Northwest Spain. Journal of Environmental Science And Health 38
(12): 2845–285.
3.
Mester,
Z. (2012). NASS-6 Seawater. Selangor
Water Management Authority, (2006). Issues and Threats. Port klang
Integrated Coastal Management Project.
4.
Greaney,
K. M. (2005). An assessment of heavy metal contamination in the marine sediments
of Las Perlas Archipelago, Gulf Of Panama. School of Life Sciences
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh pp109.
5.
Truus,,
K., Viitak, A., Vaher M., Muinasmaa U., Paasrand, K, Tuvikene, R., and Levandi,
T., (2007). Comparative determination of microelements in Baltic seawater and
Brown Algae samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometric and Inductively Coupled
Plasma Methods. Proc. Estonian Academy. Science. Chemistry. 122–133.
6.
Hamzah,
Z., Ahmad,S., Wood,A.K., and Abu Bakar,Z.A., (2011). Sedimentation, Heavy Metals
Profiles and Cluster Analysis of a Former Tin Mining Lake. International
Journal of Environmental Science and Development 2 (6): 448- 453.
7.
Albina,
D. O. and Themelis, N. J.( 2003). A comparison with coal-fired power plants Emissions
from Waste-to-Energy.15-20.
8.
Arifin,
B., Deswati and Loekman U, (2012). Analyses of Cd, Cu, Cr and Pb concentration
in sea water around Bungus Teluk Kabung, Padang City Journal of Enclosure
Technique 9(2): 144-146.
9.
Bentum
J.K., Anang.M., Boadu K.O., Koranteng, A and Antwi,E.O., (2011). Assessment of
Heavy Metals Pollution of Sediments from FosuLagoon in Ghana. Buletin Chemical Society of Ethiopia
25(2), 191-196.