(Pencemaran
Radionuklid Semulajadi dan Logam Berat di dalam Air Laut di Kawasan Persisiran
Pantai Kuala Langat)
Sabarina Md
Yunus* Zaini Hamzah, Ab Khalik Hj Wood, Ahmad Saat
Faculty
of Applied Sciences,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: sabarina2020@salam.uitm.edu.my
Received:
23 November 2014; Accepted: 27 June 2015
Abstract
Rapid industrial
developments along the Langat river basin play an important role in
contributing to the increases of pollution loading at Kuala Langat coastal
area. The major pollutant sources in this area may be originating from human
activities such as industrial discharge, domestic sewage, construction,
agriculture and pig farming near the tributaries that affects the water
quality. In addition, Langat and Semenyih rivers flow through the mining and
ex-mining area, which is related to the source of natural radionuclides
contamination. Heavy metals in the
aquatic environment and more likely to enter the food chain. This study is
focusing to the levels of radionuclides and heavy metals in seawater. The samples
were collected using appropriate water sampler, which is then acidified until
pH 2 and filtered using cellulose acetate 0.45 μm. The concentration of these radionuclides and
heavy metals were determined using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
(ICPMS) after dilution. In general, the radionuclides and heavy metals
concentrations are lower than Malaysia Marine Water Quality Standard (MMWQS)
except for few locations where the concentration levels above the standards.
The higher concentration of pollutant in the seawater may have a toxic effect
on sensitive plants and living organisms. The results of pollution levels of
these radionuclides and heavy metals were also compared with other studies.
Keywords: heavy metals, pollution, radionuclides,
uranium, thorium
Abstrak
Perkembangan
perindustrian yang pesat di sepanjang lembangan Sungai Langat memainkan peranan
yang penting dalam menyumbang kepada peningkatan beban pencemaran di kawasan
pantai Kuala Langat. Sumber pencemar utama di kawasan ini terdiri daripada
aktiviti manusia seperti pelepasan industri, kumbahan domestik, pembinaan,
pertanian dan penternakan babi berhampiran anak sungai yang menjejaskan kualiti
air. Di samping itu, Sungai Langat dan Semenyih mengalir melalui kawasan
perlombongan dan bekas lombong yang berkaitan dengan punca pencemaran
radionuklid semula jadi. Logam berat dalam persekitaran akuatik lebih cenderung
untuk memasuki rantai makanan. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada tahap
radionuklid dan logam berat dalam air laut. Sampel telah dikumpulkan
menggunakan sampler air yang sesuai, yang kemudiannya diasidkan sehingga pH 2
dan ditapis menggunakan selulosa asetat 0.45 μm. Kepekatan radionuklid dan
logam berat telah ditentukan menggunakan plasma induktif spektrometer jisim
(ICPMS) selepas pencairan. Secara umum, radionuklid dan kepekatan logam berat
adalah lebih rendah daripada Malaysia Standard Kualiti Air Marin (MMWQS)
kecuali di beberapa lokasi di mana tahap kepekatan di atas piawaian. Kepekatan
yang tinggi bahan pencemar dalam air laut yang mungkin mempunyai kesan toksik
pada tanaman yang sensitif dan organisma hidup. Keputusan tahap pencemaran ini
radionuklid dan logam berat juga dibandingkan dengan kajian-kajian lain.
Kata kunci: logam berat,
pencemaran, radionuklid, uranium, thorium
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