Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law

No eISSN: 0127-788X
I

2018 3(1)

1 JUNE 2018

Asas Tanggungan Pengamal Perubatan dalam Undang-undang Islam Menurut Fuqaha
The Basis of Medical Practiitioner Liability in the Islamic Law According to Islamic Jurist

Abdul Basir Bin Mohamad, abasir@ukm.edu.my
Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Sharia Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Nurbazla Binti Ismail, nurbazla@ukm.edu.my
Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Sharia Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Received: 9 January 2018 | Accepted: 26 February 2018 | Published: 1 June 2018
2018, Vol. 3(1), pp. 8-15.  |  PDF

Perkhidmatan rawatan dalam perubatan yang diberikan oleh seseorang doktor kepada pesakitnya merupakan suatu tugas dan kewajipan yang sangat dituntut oleh Islam. Kewajipan ini termasuk dalam ibadat fardu kifayah, iaitu apabila ia dapat dilaksanakan oleh sekumpulan manusia, maka terlepaslah pihak-pihak lain daripada melaksanakannya. Sebaliknya, ia menjadi kewajipan fardu ain ke atas seseorang doktor sekiranya tiada doktor lain selain dia dalam sesuatu kawasan. Oleh itu, adalah menjadi suatu kewajipan ke atas doktor tersebut untuk menyediakan perkhidmatan rawatan kepada penduduk yang memerlukan. Doktor itu tidak boleh menolak sekiranya sesuatu rawatan diperlukan oleh penduduk di kawasan tersebut. Islam menegaskan bahawa perkhidmatan perubatan merupakan suatu tugas atau kewajipan yang wajib diceburi oleh umat Islam kerana ia merupakan keperluan sosial masyarakat. Maka, pihak tertentu yang bergelar “doktor atau pengamal perubatan” wajib melaksanakan tanggungjawab ini dengan baik dan penuh keikhlasan. Justeru, timbul persoalan adakah seseorang doktor yang terlibat dalam bidang yang sangat diperlukan oleh ahli masyarakat ini akan bertanggungan terhadap sesuatu kemudaratan yang berlaku akibat daripada rawatan yang telah diberikannya. Sewajarnya, sesuatu kewajipan tidak diikat dengan syarat mesti menghasilkan kesejahteraan dan keselamatan. Ini kerana kebiasaannya metode dan kaedah rawatan secara keseluruhannya terserah kepada kebijaksanaan seseorang doktor, bukannya kepada pesakit. Maka kajian ini akan menjelaskan tanggungan pengamal perubatan dalam undang-undang Islam menurut pandangan fuqaha. Hasil yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa undang-undang Islam sangat menitikberatkan isu berkaitan dengan tanggungan pengamal perubatan. Walaupun terdapat perbincangan berkaitan tanggungan pengamal perubatan melibatkan dua aspek tanggungan sama ada kecuaian atau kontrak, tetapi tanggungan berasaskan kontrak lebih monopoli berdasarkan kajian ini.

Kata Kunci: Pengamal perubatan, Tort, Kecuaian, Tanggungan, Ganti rugi, Kesalahan sivil, Kontrak

 

Medical services provided by a doctor to his patients is a duty and obligation which are seriously demanded by Islam. The obligation is fardu kifayah which means that when it can be carried out by a group of people, then others will be freed from that obligation. Instead, it will be an obligatory duty upon a doctor if there is no other doctor than him. Therefore, it becomes a duty to provide treatment services for every resident of the area who is in need. He could not turn it down if a treatment is needed. Islam asserts that medical services is a task or duty properly pursued by the Muslims, because it is a social necessity. On the reason that it is a necessity and a duty, the person called “a doctor or medical practitioner” should carry out his responsibility with care and sincerity. Then there was a question whether a doctor involved in the fields that are needed by members of the public will be liable for any injury that occurred as a result of the treatment he has given. Accordingly, an obligation is not bounded by the terms necessarily result in prosperity and security. This is because, typically methods of treatment wholly is up to the discretion of a doctor, not the patient. So this study will clarify the liability of medical practitioners in Islamic law according to the views of jurists. The results obtained from this study found that Islamic law is concerned with issues relating to the liability of medical practitioners. Although there have been discussions involving the liability of medical practitioners in both aspects of the liabilities, negligence and contract, but the liability based on contract is monopoly in this aspect.

Keywords: Medical practitioners, Tort, Negligence, Liability, Damages, Civil offenses, Contract

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