Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law
No eISSN: 0127-788X2020 5(2)
15 DECEMBER 2020
Kawalan Undang-undang terhadap Pembinaan Rumah Ibadat di Malaysia
Legal Controls Towards Construction of Houses of Worship in Malaysia
Nurul Faezah Md Ahair, p95429@ukm.edu.my
Postgraduate Student, Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Zuliza Mohd Kusrin, zuli@ukm.edu.my
Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Received: 11 March 2020 | Accepted: 23 July 2020 | Published: 15 December 2020
2020, Vol. 5(2), pp. 53-64. | PDF
Pembinaan rumah ibadat termasuk hak mengamalkan agama dalam Perkara 11(1) Perlembagaan Persekutuan, namun undang-undang berkaitan tidak dipatuhi sepenuhnya kerana wujud penganut agama membina rumah ibadat tanpa mengikut piawaian dan tidak berdaftar. Tindakan tersebut bersandarkan pemahaman bahawa pembinaan rumah ibadah adalah termasuk dalam hak mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dijamin oleh Perlembagaan.Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis tuntutan pembinaan rumah ibadat menurut ajaran agama-agama dan kawalan undang-undang yang disediakan bagi pembinaan rumah ibadat orang Islam dan bukan Islam di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati rumah ibadat menjadi keperluan kepada penganut setiap agama berdasarkan kepada tuntutan ibadah yang memerlukan tempat berhimpun untuk melaksanakan aktiviti keagamaan. Namun terdapat agama yang tidak menyatakan tuntutan secara bertulis dalam kitab-kitab suci mereka terhadap keperluan mendirikan rumah ibadat. Kajian juga mendapati peruntukan perundangan dan garis panduan bagi pembinaan rumah ibadat yang telah dinyatakan melalui Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Akta atau Enakmen Pentadbiran Undang-undang Islam Negeri-negeri, Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 dan Akta Jalan, Parit dan Bangunan 1974, Garis Panduan Tokong, Kuil, Gereja dan Gurdwara, Garis Panduan Kuil Hindu Kebangsaan dan Garis Panduan Perancangan Rumah Ibadat Islam. Pembinaan rumah ibadat bagi semua agama dijamin Perlembagaan Persekutuan.Seterusnya, kajian mendapati Perlembagaan Persekutuan memperuntukan jaminan bagi pengurusan kewangan pembinaan rumah ibadat bukan Islam melalui Perkara 11(3)(c). Begitu juga bagi agama Islam jaminan kewangan bagi pengembangan pendidikan Islam termaksuklah aktiviti pengembangan agama yang dilaksanakan di masjid diperuntukan dengan jelas dalam Perkara 12(2) Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Kata kunci: agama, rumah ibadat, Islam, bukan Islam, jaminan undang-undang.
The construction of houses of worship is included in the right to practice religion in Article 11(1) of the Federal Constitution, but some of religious group are still not complied with the law, by constructing their houses of worships without adhering to legal standards and registration. The issue is based on their understanding that the construction of the houses of worship is included under the right to practice religion as assured by the constitution. This article aims to analyze the demands to build houses of worship according to one’s religious teaching and the legal controls provided for Muslim and non-Muslim in Malaysia. The study found that houses of worship is essential to every religious group based on the needs to have a congregational place for worship. However, some religions are silent in their holy books, on the demand of constructing the house of worship. The study also found that the legal provisions and guidelines for the construction of houses of worship is mentioned in the Federal Constitution, the Islamic Religious Administration Act and Enactments, the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 and the Road, Drainage and Building Act 1974, Temple, Hindu Temple, Church, and Gurdwara Guideline, National Hindu Temple Guideline, and Islamic House of Worship Planning Guidelines. The construction of houses of worship for all religions are constitutionally assured. Furthermore, the study found that the Federal Constitution guarantees rights of financial administration of construction of houses of worship of non-Muslim in article 11(3) ( c). For Islamic religion, financial security for propagation of Islamic studies including the activity of propagating and enforcing religious teaching in mosque, is clearly mentioned in Article 12(2) of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia.
Key words : religion, house of worship, Islam, non-Islam, legal guarantee
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