Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law
No eISSN: 0127-788X2022 7(1)
15 JUNE 2022
Cadangan Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) Tangkapan dan Tahanan Inividu Autisme untuk Pegawai Penguat Kuasa Agama (PPA) di Malaysia
Proposed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Arrest and Detention of Autistic Individuals for Religious Enforcement Officers (PPA) in Malaysia
Zuliza Mohd Kusrin, zuli@ukm.edu.my
Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Zahidah Dahalan, zahidah.zz97@gmail.com
Postgraduate Student, Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Wafaa’ Yusof, wafaa@ukm.edu.my
Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Mohd Al Adib Samuri, al_adib@ukm.edu.my
Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Nurul Ilyana Muhd Adnan, ilyana_adnan@ukm.edu.my
Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Zaini Nasohah, zbn@ukm.edu.my
Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Roseliza Murni Ab Rahman, rmurni@ukm.edu.my
Pusat Kajian Psikologi dan Kesejahteraan Manusia, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Received: September 21, 2021 | Accepted: April 05, 2022 | Published: June 15, 2022
2022, Vol. 7(1), pp. 52-61. | PDF
Individu autisme merupakan mereka yang mengalami kecelaruan perkembangan neuro dalam sistem saraf otak dan menyebabkan defisit yang signifikan terutama dalam interaksi sosial dan komunikasi. Situasi ini menjadikan mereka berperilaku berlainan dengan individu tipikal dan sebahagiannya cenderung kepada pelanggaran undang-undang tanpa disedari. Oleh itu di Malaysia, satu Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) Khas Autisme Polis untuk tangkapan dan tahanan individu autisme yang disyaki melanggar undang-undang, telah dikuatkuasakan pada tahun 2019 untuk jenayah di bawah bidang kuasa Persekutuan. Namun, belum terdapat SOP untuk tangkapan dan tahanan individu autisme yang disyaki melanggar undang-undang bagi kesalahan jenayah syariah di peringkat negeri. SOP yang berbeza itu perlu diwujudkan kerana struktur sistem perundangan di Malaysia memisahkan bidang kuasa jenayah di peringkat persekutuan dan negeri. Justeru, objektif kajian ini bertujuan mencadangkan garis panduan SOP tangkapan dan tahanan individu autisme yang disyaki melanggar undang-undang jenayah syariah untuk penguat kuasa agama (PPA) negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Metodologi kajian adalah melalui analisis dokumen, perbincangan meja bulat (RTD) dan perbincangan kumpulan fokus (FGD) bersama pengamal perundangan Islam, penguat kuasa agama, pakar autisme dan guru pendidikan khas di Malaysia. Data terkumpul kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati cadangan garis panduan SOP tangkapan dan tahanan untuk individu autisme bagi kegunaan penguat kuasa agama ini perlulah diperinci dan sesuaikan dengan prilaku individu autisme melalui prosedur khusus, tahanan khusus, bukti dokumentasi serta rujukan undang-undang berkaitan.
Kata kunci : SOP, tangkapan, autisme, undang-undang syariah, penguat kuasa agama
Autistic individuals are those who have neuro developmental disorders in the brain’s nervous system and cause significant deficits especially in social interaction and communication. This situation makes them behave differently from typical individuals and are partly tend to breaking the law unknowingly. Thus in Malaysia, a Special Autism Police Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the arrest and detention of autistic individuals suspected of violating the law, was enacted in 2019 for crimes under Federal jurisdiction. However, there are no SOP for the arrest and detention of autistic individuals suspected of violating the law for sharia criminal offenses at the state level. The different SOP need to be created because the structure of the legal system in Malaysia separates criminal jurisdiction at the federal and state levels. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose SOP guidelines for the arrest and detention of autistic individuals suspected of violating sharia criminal law for religious enforcement officer (PPA) of the states in Malaysia. The research methodology is through document analysis, roundtable discussion (RTD) and focus group discussion (FGD) with Islamic legal practitioners, religious enforcers, autism experts and special education teachers in Malaysia. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively and thematically. The results of the study found that the proposed SOP guidelines for arrest and detention for autistic individuals for the use of religious enforcement officer should be detailed and adapted to the behavior of autistic individuals through specific procedures, specific detention, documentary evidence and relevant legal references.
Keywords : SOP, arrest, detention, autism, syariah law, religious enforcement
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