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Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia

54 (3) 2020 1 – 14

Cost of Living and Standard of Living Nexus: The Determinants of Cost of Living
Hubung Kait Kos Sara Hidup dengan Taraf Hidup: Faktor Penentu Kos Sara Hidup

Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy
University Malaysia Sabah
88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
MALAYSIA

drrusli.lat@ums.edu.my

School of Social Science
University Sains Malaysia
11700 Minden, Penang
MALAYSIA

norasmat@usm.my

The Centre for Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDEV)
University Sains Malaysia
11700 Minden, Penang
MALAYSIA

bzak@usm.my

Abstract

Cost of living and standard of living are two elements that have strong causal relationship. Determining which one causes the other would give some ideas to policy makers about mitigating the adverse impact of the rising cost of living. This study investigates whether the standard of living causes the cost of living. It further identifies the factors influencing the cost of living. Based on Malaysian data over 1980-2014, we use Toda Yamamoto causality model, to identify whether the cost of living Granger causes the standard of living or vice-versa. In identifying the factors that influence the cost of living, we use, the Autoregresive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test. The result indicates that there is evidence of unidirectional Granger causality between the cost of living and the standard of living. It addition, we found that the cost of living can be used to better predict the standard of living by considering the lagged values of the cost of living rather than the lagged values of the standard of living. The results further show that there is a longrun relationship between the cost of living and the factors of gross domestic product per capita, population growth, unemployment rate and degree of openness.

Keywords

ARDL; cost of living; Granger causality; prices; standard of living
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2020-5403-1
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Latimaha, , Ismail, , & Bahari, (2020). Cost of Living and Standard of Living Nexus: The Determinants of Cost of Living. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 54(3), 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2020-5403-1

@article{latihama2020cost,
  title={Cost of Living and Standard of Living Nexus: The Determinants of Cost of Living},
  author={Latimaha, Rusli and Ismail, Nor Asmat and Bahari, Zakaria},
  journal={Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia},
  volume={54},
  number={3},
  pages={1—14},
 

year={2020},
}

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