Sains Malaysiana 41(1)(2012): 11–21

Kandungan Logam Berat dalam Tumbuhan Penyedap RasaTerpilih dan dalam Tanih Ultrabes di Felda Rokan Barat, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(Heavy Metal Content in Selected Flavouring Plants and in Ultra-Basic Soil of Felda Rokan Barat,Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Sahibin Abd.Rahim*, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman,

Tukimat Lihan, Ramlan Omar & Liew Kah Yan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Received: 20 September 2010 / Accepted: 10 June 2011

ABSTRACT

A study was carried out at an ultrabasic soil area in Felda Rokan Barat (FRB), Negeri Sembilan. Twenty plants of samples namely chili, turmeric, pandan and lemon grass were collected randomly for the determination of heavy metal contents such as Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn. Heavy metals in plants were extracted by wet digestion method, whereas available and resistant heavy metals in soil were extracted by sequential extraction. Total heavy metals content in the soil were obtained by summation of resistant and available heavy metals. Heavy metals content in soil and plant extract were determined by using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Results showed that Fe was the dominant composition in soil in the study area while Cd concentration was very low with values of < 10 mg/kg. The range of heavy metals concentration in soils were Fe (2618.4 to 4248 mg/kg), Mn (240.9 to 741.9 mg/kg), Zn (81.9 to 324.8 mg/kg), Cr (46.8 to 438.7 mg/kg), Cu (15.7 to 81.7 mg/kg), Pb (14.9 to 116.8 mg/kg), Ni (10.1 to 545.6 mg/kg), Cd (5.6 to 10.6 mg/kg) dan Co (0.8 to 126.1 mg/kg). Available Fe recorded the highest value in all of the plant substrates followed by Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co and Cd. Based on percentage of availability Mn, Pb and Zn are considered most available by plant with availability percentage of 8 to 10%. Concentration of Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were high in all parts of plants compared to the other metals. The value of biological absorption coefficient (BAC) in chili, turmeric, pandan and lemon grass were in the range of 0.02-0.36, 0.03-0.41, 0.03-0.63 and 0.03-1.15, respectively. It can be concluded that the uptake of heavy metals by plants were normal even though the heavy metals concentration in the ultrabasic soil was high.

Keywords: Biological absorption coefficient (BAC); chili; lemon grass; pandan; turmeric; ultrabasic soil

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan di kawasan tanih ultrabes di Felda Rokan Barat (FRB), Negeri Sembilan. Sebanyak dua puluh sampel cili, kunyit, pandan dan serai serta substratnya telah diambil secara rawak untuk penentuan kandungan logam berat Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr dan Zn. Kandungan logam berat dalam tumbuhan diekstrak secara penghadaman basah, manakala kandungan logam berat rintang dan tersedia dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat jumlah diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan kandungan logam berat resistan dan tersedia. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Penyerapan Atom Nyalaan (FAAS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan logam Fe adalah dominan di dalam tanih di kawasan kajian manakala kepekatan logam Cd paling rendah dengan nilai < 10 mg/kg. Sela kepekatan logam-logam berat dalam tanih ialah Fe (2618.4 hingga 4248 mg/kg), Mn (240.9 hingga 741.9 mg/kg), Zn (81.9 hingga 324.8 mg/kg), Cr (46.8 hingga 438.7 mg/kg), Cu (15.7 hingga 81.7 mg/kg), Pb (14.9 hingga 116.8 mg/kg), Ni (10.1 hingga 545.6 mg/kg), Cd (5.6 hingga 10.6 mg/kg) dan Co (0.8 hingga 126.1 mg/kg). Nilai kepekatan Fe tersedia mencatatkan nilai tertinggi bagi semua substrat tumbuhan, diikuti oleh Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co dan Cd. Berdasarkan peratusan tersedia Mn, Pb dan Zn merupakan logam berat yang paling banyak tersedia diambil oleh tumbuhan dengan nilai 8 hingga 10%. Kepekatan Fe, Mn, Ni dan Zn menunjukkan purata kepekatan yang tinggi pada bahagian tumbuhan yang dikaji berbanding dengan logam lain. Nilai koefisien penyerapan biologi (BAC) bagi cili, kunyit, pandan dan serai masing-masing dalam julat 0.02-0.36, 0.03-0.41, 0.03-0.63 dan 0.03-1.15. Boleh disimpulkan bahawa penyerapan logam berat oleh tumbuhan adalah normal walaupun kepekatan logam berat dalam tanih ultrabes adalah tinggi.

Kata kunci: Cili; koefisien penyerapan biologi (BAC); kunyit; pandan; serai; tanih ultrabes

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*Corresponding author; email: haiyan@ukm.my