Sains Malaysiana 41(1)(2012): 33–39

Anti-Urolithiatic Terpenoid Compound from Plantago major Linn. (Ekor Anjing)

(Aktiviti Anti-Urolitiatik Sebatian “Terpenoid” daripada Plantago major Linn. (Ekor Anjing))

A.A. Sharifa*^,1, J. Jamaludin¹, L.S. Kiong², L.A. Chia³ & K. Osman³

¹Jabatan Anatomi, Fakulti Perubatan & Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 55100 Pandan Indah Campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia

³Faculty Allied Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 28 April 2010 / Accepted: 7 June 2011

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition effects of the terpenoid of Plantago major on calcium oxalate crystals in vitro and to compare the effects of Plantago major with clinically used drugs like zyloric and potassium citrate for the treatment of urinary stone. Modified Schneider slide gel method was used for in vitro study and crystals formed were measured by Image Analyser System (Leica) after 24 h of treatment. The active compound in the methanol extract of Plantago major was isolated by bioassay - guided fractionation & isolation method. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was used as the negative control and zyloric and potassium citrate were used as positive controls. The results showed that crude methanol extract of Plantago major contained the active compound terpenoid. Terpenoid, zyloric and potassium citrate at concentrations in the range of (100 μg/ml - 250 μg/ml) significantly inhibited the area of crystal formation in comparison to the negative control after 24 h (p<0.001). The Zyloric and terpenoid of Plantago major in the concentrations of (100 μg/mL-250 μg/mL) inhibited the sizes of crystals significantly (p<0.05). Potassium citrate was more effective, than terpenoid of Plantago major in inhibiting the size of crystals at two concentrations i.e 100 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL respectively (p< 0.05). However the IC50 values for terpenoid of Plantago major, potassium citrate and zyloric were 250 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL and 550 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibition effect of the terpenoid of Plantago major extract on crystal size was much better than Zyloric and potassium citrate.

Keywords: Calcium oxalate crystals; inhibition effects; Plantago Major; terpenoid

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan perencatan sebatian terpenoid daripada ekstrak metanol Plantago major terhadap kristal kalsium oksalat in vitro dan seterusnya membandingkan kesan Plantago major dengan dadah Zyloric and potassium citrate. Pada masa kini, kedua-dua dadah ini digunakan untuk merawat batu buah pinggang. Modifikasi kaedah Schneider slaid bergel telah digunakan untuk kajian in vitro. Selepas 24 jam, pembentukan hablur telah diukur menggunakan Sistem Analisis Imej (Leica). Sebatian aktif dalam ekstrak metanol Plantago major telah diisolasikan menggunakan kaedah Bioassay – fraksinasi terarah dan isolasi. Dimethilsulfhoksid (DMSO) telah digunakan sebagai kawalan negatif manakala zyloric dan kalium sitrat pula telah digunakan sebagai kawalan positif. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak Plantago major yang mengandungi compound terpenoid, zilorik dan kalium sitrat pada julat kepekatan 100 mg/mL-250 mg/mL berupaya secara statistik merencat pembentukkan kristal berbanding kawalan negatif selepas 24 jam (p<0.001). Perencatan perkembangan saiz kristal turut dikesan pada terpenoid daripada Plantago major berbanding zyloric pada kesemua kepekatan kajian (p<0.05). Kalium sitrat telah didapati lebih berkesan daripada Plantago major dalam merencat pembentukkan hablur pada dua kepakatan iaitu 100 mg/mL dan 150 mg/mL (p< 0.05). Walaupun begitu nilai IC50 untuk Terpenoid, kalsium sitrat dan Zyloric berada pada 250 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL dan 550 mg/mL. Kesan perencatan sebatian terpenoid dalam ekstrak Plantago major didapati lebih baik berbanding dengan zilorik dan kalsium sitrat.

Kata kunci: Kesan inhibitori; hablur kalsium oksalat; Plantago major; sebatian terpenoid

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*Corresponding author; email: drsharifa@usim.edu.my