Sains Malaysiana 41(1)(2012): 71–79

Optimal Physical and Nutrient Parameters for Growth of Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M for Heavy Crude Oil Degradation

(Pengoptimuman Parameter Fizikal dan Nutrien bagi Pertumbuhan Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M untuk Degradasi Minyak Mentah Berat)

Ainon Hamzah*, Mazni A. Buzarin, Aidil Abdul Hamid, O. Thmanomar & Sahidan Senafi

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology

University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 11 October 2010 / Accepted: 7 June 2011

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the optimal parameters for the production of biomass of Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M, a fungus isolated from oil-polluted wastewater. The isolate showed maximum growth at day six after incubation in Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) in the presence of 3% (v/v) heavy Khefji Sour crude oil. Although it grew at pH between 5.0 and 7.0, it grew best at pH 5.5. T. virens UKMP-1M grew at temperatures between 25°C and 35°C, with its highest growth at 30°C. Aeration by agitation at 200 rpm was shown to yield the greatest biomass. Peptone at concentration of 1.5% (w/v) was determined to be a better nitrogen source than urea, potassium nitrate (KNO3), yeast extract, ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Addition of 1% (v/v) crude oil to the MSM medium led to higher biomass production than the addition of 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (v/v) crude oil. The result also revealed that 40% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), 100% of pristane and 74% of phytane compounds were degraded after 9 days of incubation at optimal physical and nutrient parameters.

Keywords: Crude oil; optimisation; total petroleum hydrocarbon; Trichoderma virens

 ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan parameter optimum bagi menghasilkan biojisim Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M iaitu kulat yang dipencilkan daripada air kumbahan tercemar minyak. Pencilan tersebut menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang maksimum pada hari keenam selepas pengeraman di dalam medium garam mineral (MSM) dengan kehadiran 3% (i/i) minyak mentah berat Khefji Sour. Walaupun ia tumbuh pada pH antara 5.0 dan 7.0, namun ia tumbuh dengan terbaik pada pH 5.5. T. virens tumbuh pada suhu antara 250C dan 350C, dengan pertumbuhan tertinggi pada 30oC. Pengudaraan dengan cara penggoncangan pada 200 psm menunjukkan penghasilan biomass yang terbaik. Kepekatan pepton pada 1.5% (b/i) telah ditentukan sebagai sumber nitrogen yang terbaik berbanding urea, kalium nitrat (KNO3), ekstrak yis, ammonium sulfat ((NH4)2SO4) dan ammonium klorida (NH4Cl). Penambahan 1% (i/i) minyak mentah ke dalam medium MSM mengarah kepada penghasilan biojisim yang tertinggi berbanding penambahan 3%, 5%, 7% dan 10% minyak mentah. Hasil menunjukkan 40% komponen jumlah hidrokarbon petroleum (TPH), 100% sebatian  pristin dan 74% sebatian fitin telah didegradasikan selepas 9 hari pengeraman pada parameter fizikal dan nutrien optimum.

Kata kunci: Jumlah hidrokarbon petroleum; minyak mentah; pengoptimuman; Trichoderma virens

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*Corresponding author; email: antara@ukm.my