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Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013): 1395–1401
Differential Response of Zea mays L. in
Relation to Weed Control and Different
Macronutrient Combinations
(Respons Membeza Zea mays Berhubung
dengan Kawalan Rumpai dan Gabungan
Makronutrien Berbeza)
M.A.
Khan*, S. Kakar, K.B. Marwat
& I.A. Khan
Department
Of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
Received: 10
March 2013/Accepted: 12 May 2012
ABSTRACT
Time of weed control and fertilizer
application usually decide the profitability of crop production. The effects of
weed control and macronutrients on maize crop were investigated. The study was
undertaken in March 2009, using a RCBD design with split plot
arrangements. The experimental set up was established at the Agricultural
University Peshawar and seedbeds prepared with the proper moisture regime.
Maize was planted with one plot left weed free for first six weeks while
another infested with weed. The combinations of macronutrients used were
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus, nitrogen-potassium,
phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium. Control (no fertilizer)
was included for comparison. The observations revealed that when a comparison
was made between the application of fertilizers and weed control, the latter
proved more important because weed infested plots had no harvestable maize
plants. The role of main nutrients in crop production is well known and cannot
be left aside, however weed infestation does not provide us a fair choice of
fertilizers application. The maximum maize grain yield was recorded under
nitrogen-phosphorus combination and promising results were obtained. The weeds
and maize benefited equally in terms of fresh and dry weed biomass with an
application of fertilizer in particular N singly or together with P. In view of
this, application of fertilizer should be changed from broadcast to band and/or
placement. In general, a positive interaction was seen between N and P
promoting the growth of maize and weeds. It can be said that herbicide
application for weed control is important because of the fact that hand weeding
is not economical, difficult, time consuming because of perennial weeds and hot
weather conditions in the month of June.
Keywords: Macronutrients; maize; NPK;
weeds; yield
ABSTRAK
Masa kawalan rumpai dan pemberian
baja biasanya akan menentukan keuntungan pengeluaran
tanaman. Kesan kawalan rumpai dan makronutrien bagi tanaman
jagung telah dikaji. Kajian telah dijalankan pada bulan Mac 2009,
menggunakan reka bentuk RCBD dengan perletakan plot pecah. Percubaan telah dilakukan di Universiti Pertanian Peshawar dan
batas biji benih telah disediakan dengan regim kelembapan yang sesuai. Jagung telah ditanam dengan dibiarkan bebas rumpai bagi enam minggu
pertama sementara satu lagi telah dibiakan dengan rumpai. Gabungan makronutrien yang digunakan ialah nitrogen, fosforus,
kalium, nitrogen-fosforus, nitrogen-kalium, fosforus-kalium dan
nitrogen-fosforus-kalium. Kawalan (tanpa baja) telah
ditambah untuk perbandingan. Pemerhatian telah menunjukkan bila
perbandingan dibuat antara pemberian baja dan kawasan rumpai, yang kemudian
telah dibuktikan lebih penting kerana plot yang berumpai tidak mempunyai jagung
yang boleh dituai. Peranan nutrien utama dalam pengeluaran
tanaman telah diketahui umum dan tidak boleh diabaikan, walau bagaimanapun
kewujudan rumpai tidak memberi pilihan kepada pemberian baja. Hasil jagung maksimum telah direkodkan di bawah gabungan nitrogen-fosforus
dan hasil yang baik telah diperoleh. Rumpai dan jagung telah mendapat
manfaat yang hampir sama daripada segi biojisim rumpai kering dan basah dengan
pemberian baja khususnya N secara tunggal atau bersama P. Oleh itu, pemberian
baja harus ditukar daripada cara sebaran kepada jalur dan/atau secara
perletakan. Umumnya suatu tindak balas positif boleh dilihat
antara N dan P dengan meningkatkan pertumbuhan jagung dan rumpai. Ia boleh dirumuskan bahawa pengaplikasian herbisid untuk kawalan
rumpai adalah penting kerana membuang rumpai dengan tangan adalah tidak
ekonomi, sukar, memakan masa kerana kesakaan rumpai dan keadaan cuaca panas di
bulan Jun.
Kata
kunci: Hasil; jagung; makronutrien; NPK; rumpai
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