Sains Malaysiana 44(8)(2015): 1077–1084

Growth Profile and Fatty Acid Accumulation of Four Chaetoceros Taxa Isolated from Coastal Water of Pahang, Malaysia

(Profil Tumbesaran dan Pengumpulan Asid Lemak oleh Empat Takson Chaetoceros diasingkan

dari Pesisiran Pantai Pahang, Malaysia)

M.A.M FUAD¹*, N. MOHAMMAD-NOOR², A.K.C. JALAL² & B.Y. KAMARUZZAMAN²

¹Institut Kesihatan Umum, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

²Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

Received: 14 March 2014/Accepted: 2 April 2015

ABSTRACT

This indoor study was aimed to analyze the production of fatty acids with their growth profile from few marine algae under the genus Chaetoceros isolated from coastal water of Pahang, Malaysia. The algae were established into culture using standard marine media (f/2 media) and the variation of fatty acid for each species was determined using GCMS. Statistical analysis of one-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the significant and homogeneity data on the growth of each alga and total fatty acid percentage obtained. The results showed that four taxa were successfully cultivated and identified as Chaetoceros baculites, Chaetoceros anastomosans, Chaetoceros affinis var. willei and Chaetoceros affinis var. affinis. Out of four Chaetoceros, C. baculites showed the highest growth rate (0.75 cell.day^-1) and division’s value (1.08) while C. anastomosans showed the highest doubling time value (8.66). Statistical analysis showed that all species have significantly different growth rate (p<0.05). Myristic acid was the main component for fatty acid storage for C. baculites, C. anastomosans and C. affinis var. willei whereas palmitic acid for C. affinis var. affinis. All species contained about 35 to 75% of total percentage fatty acids throughout the growth day. Based on total percentage, both affinis varieties had high fatty acid percentage compared with the other two species with the total percentage of more than 70%. As a conclusion, all four taxa are suitable to be used in lipid industry in Malaysia with C. affinis var. affinis is the best candidate for bio-fuel industry and C. anastomosans for pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords: Chaetoceros; fatty acids; growth; indoor; industry

ABSTRAK

Kajian secara dalam persekitaran dijalankan untuk menganalisis pengeluaran asid lemak dengan profil tumbesaran daripada beberapa spesies alga marin di bawah genus Chaeotoceros yang diasingkan dari pesisiran pantai Pahang, Malaysia. Kesemua alga dimantapkan dalam bentuk kultur dengan menggunakan media marin yang dipiawai (f/2 media) dan variasi asid lemak untuk setiap spesies ditentukan dengan menggunakan GCMS. Analisis statistik ANOVA satu-hala digunakan untuk menilai kesignifikan dan kehomogenan data ke atas tumbesaran setiap alga serta jumlah peratusan asid lemak yang diterima. Hasil menunjukkan empat takson berjaya dikulturkan dan dikenal pasti sebagai Chaetoceros baculites, Chaetoceros anastomosans, Chaetoceros affinis var. willei dan Chaetoceros affinis var. affinis. Daripada empat spesies tersebut, C. baculites menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan yang tinggi (0.75 cell.day^-1) dan nilai pendua yang tinggi (1.08) manakala C. anastomosans menunjukkan kadar masa pendua yang tinggi (8.66). Analisis statistik menunjukkan kesemua spesies mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang bererti (p<0.05). Asid miristik merupakan komponen simpanan asid lemak bagi C. baculites, C. anastomosans dan C. affinis var. willei manakala asid palmitik bagi C. affinis var. affinis. Kesemua spesies mengandungi lebih kurang 35 hingga 75% jumlah peratusan asid lemak mengikut hari tumbesaran. Berdasarkan jumlah peratusan, kedua-dua variasi affinis mempunyai jumlah peratusan asid lemak yang tinggi berbanding dua spesies yang lain dengan jumlah peratusan melebihi 70%. Kesimpulannya, kesemua empat takson adalah sesuai digunakan di dalam industri lipid di Malaysia dengan C. affinis var. affinis merupakan calon yang sesuai bagi industri bio-bahan api dan C. anastomosans bagi industri farmaseutikal.

Kata kunci: Asid lemak; Chaetoceros; dalam persekitaran; industri; tumbesaran

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*Corresponding author; email: crystal_fuad@yahoo.com.sg