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Sains Malaysiana 48(6)(2019): 1179–1185
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4806-04
High Sensitivity Au-based
Kretschmann Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Urea Detection
(Sensor Resonans
Plasmon Permukaan Kretschmann berasaskan Au Berkepekaan Tinggi untuk Pengesanan
Urea)
P. SUSTHITHA MENON1*, FAIRUS ATIDA SAID1, GAN SIEW MEI1, MOHD AMBRI MOHAMED1, AHMAD RIFQI MD ZAIN1,2, SAHBUDIN SHAARI1 & BURHANUDDIN YEOP MAJLIS1
1Institute
of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Harvard
John A Paulson, School of Engineering and Applied
Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
Received:
16 July 2018/Accepted: 26 October 2018
ABSTRACT
Kretschmann-based
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) optical sensor was applied to
detect the presence of kidney wastes such as urea in solutions. To enhance the
sensitivity of the SPR sensor, nanolaminated gold film
(thickness of 50 nm) was used. In this work, the SPR response
to urea in various concentrations were measured and investigated using optical
wavelengths of 670 nm and 785 nm. The signals were compared between pure urea
solution versus mixed solution in the presence of the 0.227 μmol urease enzyme. The proposed mixed solution is to
eliminate doping and gel entrapment process for enzyme immobilization in
conventional method. Angular interrogation technique was used to measure the
sensor performance in urea detection using pure and mixed solutions with urea
concentration of 0 - 800 mM. Upon exposure to mixed solution using 785 nm
optical wavelength, the nanolaminated gold film exhibited higher SPR sensitivity
as much as 7.8 M-1 than a pure urea solution (1.4 M-1).
The coupling activity between urea and urease molecules in the mixed solution
near the nanolaminated gold film surface lead to sensitivity enhancement. Angle
shifting of mixed solution on 50 nm-thick nanolaminated gold film using 670 nm
optical wavelength was greater by ~50% compared to 785 nm. Sensorgram data
shows a steady and linear increment in SPR incident angle shifting
when urea concentration increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first time that Kretschmann-based SPR has been used for urea
sensing at 670 nm and 785 nm optical wavelengths.
Keywords: Nanolaminated
gold film; surface plasmon resonance; urea; urease enzyme
ABSTRAK
Biosensor optik
resonans plasmon permukaan (SPR) yang berasaskan
Kretschmann digunakan untuk mengesan kehadiran bahan buangan buah pinggang
seperti urea dalam larutan. Bagi meningkatkan kepekaan sensor SPR,
filem emas nanolaminasi (ketebalan 50 nm) telah digunakan. Dalam kertas ini,
tindak balas SPR terhadap urea dalam pelbagai kepekatan diukur dan
dikaji menggunakan panjang gelombang optik 670 nm dan 785 nm. Isyarat yang
diperoleh dibandingkan antara larutan urea tulen dan campuran larutan urea dan
urease (0.227 μmol). Campuran larutan
yang dicadangkan adalah untuk mengantikan kaedah konvensional seperti proses
pengedopan dan pemerangkapan gel untuk pemegunan enzim. Teknik pemisitan sudut
digunakan untuk mengukur prestasi sensor dalam pengesanan urea menggunakan
larutan urea tulen dan campuran larutan urea/urease dengan kepekatan urea 0-800
mM. Apabila didedahkan kepada larutan campuran urea/urease menggunakan panjang
gelombang optik 785 nm, filem emas nanolaminasi menunjukkan sensitiviti SPR yang
lebih tinggi sebanyak 7.8 M-1 berbanding larutan urea tulen (1.4
M-1).
Aktiviti pengandingan antara molekul urea dan urease berhampiran permukaan
filem emas nanolaminasi boleh dikaitkan dengan peningkatan sensitiviti sensor.
Anjakan sudut resonans campuran larutan urea/urease pada filem emas
nanolaminasi 50 nm dengan menggunakan panjang gelombang optik 670 nm lebih
besar sebanyak ~50% berbanding dengan 785 nm. Data sensorgram menunjukkan
kenaikan mantap dan linear dalam anjakan sudut resoanans SPR apabila
kepekatan urea meningkat. Ini merupakan kali pertama SPR yang
berasaskan Kretschamnn telah digunakan untuk sensor urea menggunakan panjang
gelombang optik 670 nm dan 785 nm.
Kata kunci: Enzim urease; filem emas nanolaminas; resonans plasmon
permukaan; urea
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*Corresponding author; email: susi@ukm.edu.my
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