Sains Malaysiana 48(8)(2019): 1729–1736
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4808-19
Prevalence, Extent and
Severity of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Malaysian
Adolescents
(Keprevalenan,
Takat dan Keterukan Kesan
Psikososial Pergigian
Estetika dalam kalangan Remaja Malaysia
WAN NURAZREENA
WAN
HASSAN1*,
ZAMROS
Y.M.
YUSOF2,
SZE
WAN
YUEN3,
ZAWANI
MOHD
TAJUDIN1,
NAJIHAH
LOKMAN3
& MOHD ZAMBRI MOHAMED MAKHBUL4
1Department
of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of
Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
2Department
of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
3Faculty
of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
4Ministry
of Health Malaysia, Orthodontic Unit, Klinik Pergigian Cahaya Suria
(Sementara), Tingkat 1, Bangunan Pudu Sentral, Jalan Pudu, 55100
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Received:
10 February 2019/Accepted: 31 May 2019
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess
the prevalence, extent and severity of the psychosocial impact of
dental aesthetics (PIDA) among Malaysian adolescents especially those with
self-perceived malocclusion, and to determine if age and gender
affected their PIDA.
A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire
was conducted on 12-17 year old schoolchildren
from schools across Malaysia selected via a multi-stage sampling
method. The questionnaire included the Malaysian Psychosocial Impact
of Dental Aesthetics (Malaysian PIDA)
questionnaire and the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic
Treatment Need (IOTN-AC). The Malaysian PIDA measured
four domains: (Dental Self Confidence, 6 items; Social Impact, 8
items; Psychological Impact, 6 items; and Aesthetic Concern, 2 items)
to assess impacts on the oral health-related quality of life specific
to malocclusion. While the IOTN-AC comprised a 10-point photographic scale to assess
self-perceived malocclusion. Data analysis using SPSS version
20 was involved using complete data on 901 participants. The prevalence
of PIDA
was 90.0% while prevalence associated with self-perceived
malocclusion was 96.0%. Impact of dental aesthetics was highest
on the psychological wellbeing of the adolescents, followed by their
self-confidence. In terms of the extent of impact, 14.0% reported
significant impact on all four domains and 19.2% were associated
with self-perceived malocclusion. The prevalence of impacts was
higher in younger adolescents and females. In terms of the extent
and severity of impacts, younger adolescents reported higher impacts
but with small effect sizes, while differences between boys and
girls were not significant.
Keywords: Adolescent
health; malocclusion; oral health care; oral health-related quality of life;
orthodontics
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini bertujuan
menilai prevalens,
tahap dan keterukan
impak estetik
pergigian terhadap psikososial (PIDA) dalam
kalangan remaja
di Malaysia terutamanya yang bertanggapan
bahawa mereka
mempunyai malokulusi dan kajian juga
ingin menentukan
sama ada umur
dan jantina
mempengaruhi PIDA mereka.
Kajian keratan
rentas yang menggunakan soal selidik pengurusan
kendiri telah
dijalankan ke atas
kanak-kanak sekolah
berumur 12-17 tahun daripada sekolah-sekolah seluruh Malaysia yang dipilih
melalui kaedah pensampelan pelbagai tahap. Soal selidik
merangkumi soal
selidik Impak Estetik
Pergigian terhadap
Psikososial populasi Malaysia
(PIDA
Malaysia) dan Komponen
Estetik Indeks
Keperluan Rawatan Ortodontik (IOTN-AC). PIDA Malaysia
mengukur empat
domain: (Keyakinan Diri Berkaitan Pergigian, 6 item;
Impak Sosial, 8 item; Impak Psikologi, 6 item; dan Keprihatinan Estetik, 2 item) bagi menilai impak kesihatan
oral khusus tentang
malokulusi terhadap kualiti hidup. Sementara itu, IOTN-AC yang
merangkumi skala
10-mata berbentuk gambarajah digunakan untuk menilai malokulusi tanggapan kendiri. Data yang
dianalisis menggunakan SPSS
versi 20 melibatkan
data lengkap 901 responden.
Prevalens PIDA adalah
90.0% manakala prevalens
berkaitan malokulusi tanggapan kendiri adalah 96.0%. Kesan estetik pergigian memberi kesan tertinggi
kepada kesejahteraan
psikologi remaja, diikuti dengan keyakinan diri mereka. Daripada segi tahap impak,
14.0% melaporkan kesan
yang signifikan ke
atas semua domain dan 19.2% dikaitkan dengan malokulusi tanggapan kendiri. Prevalens impak adalah lebih tinggi
dalam kalangan
responden awal remaja dan perempuan.
Daripada segi
tahap dan keterukan
impak, responden
awal remaja melaporkan
impak yang lebih
tinggi, namun kesan
saiznya adalah
kecil, sementara perbezaan antara responden lelaki dan perempuan adalah
tidak signifikan.
Kata kunci: Kesihatan remaja; kualiti hidup berkaitan kesihatan oral; malokulusi; ortodontik; penjagaan kesihatan pergigian
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*Corresponding
author; email: wannurazreena@um.edu.my
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