Sains Malaysiana 48(9)(2019): 2041–2049

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4809-25

An Enhanced Safrole Sensing Performance of a Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber-Based-QCM Sensor by Overlaying with Chitosan

(Peningkatan Prestasi Mengesan Safrola bagi Poliakrilonitril Nanogentian-Berasaskan Sensor QCM yang Disalut dengan Kitosan)

ADITYA RIANJANU¹, KUWAT TRIYANA^1,2*, NOVALIA NURBAITI¹, SITI ASTUTI HASANAH¹, AHMAD KUSUMAATMAJA¹ & ROTO ROTO³

¹Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

²Institute of Halal Industry and System (IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

³Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Received: 29 March 2019/Accepted: 20 July 2019

ABSTRACT

We report on a method to enhance the sensing performance of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber-based QCM sensor overlaid with chitosan. The PAN nanofibers were deposited on the QCM sensing surface by electrospinning technique followed by overlay with chitosan by a drop-casting method. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirm that chitosan covers the PAN nanofibers. The SEM images show the average diameter of the produced PAN nanofibers was 236 nm, and it increased to 283 nm after overlay with chitosan. The modified QCM sensor has the sensitivity of 18.7 Hz mg-1 L, which is better than that of PAN nanofiber alone of 4.5 Hz mg-1 L. It is an increase nearly 5 times. The analytical parameters of the limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity, a time constant, and stability improved after the PAN nanofiber sensor was overlaid with chitosan. The amine groups present in chitosan interact effectively with safrole, thus increase the sensing response. The proposed device is robust, inexpensive, and convenient for detecting safrole, and can be used as an alternative to those of classical instrumental methods for the analysis of safrole as a drug precursor.

Keywords: Chitosan; ecstasy; quartz crystal microbalance; safrole; vapor sensor

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini melaporkan tentang kaedah untuk meningkatkan prestasi pengesanan poliakrilonitril (PAN) berasaskan sensor gentian nano QCM yang disaluti dengan kitosan. PAN nanofiber diendap pada permukaan pengesan QCM oleh teknik putaran elektro diikuti dengan salutan kitosan melalui kaedah drop-pemutus. Spektrum transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) mengesahkan kitosan menutup gentian nano PAN. Imej SEM menunjukkan diameter purata gentian nano PAN yang dihasilkan adalah 236 nm dan ia meningkat kepada 283 nm selepas bertindih dengan kitosan. Sensor QCM terubah suai mempunyai kesensitifan 18.7 L mg-1 Hz, lebih baik daripada gentian nano PAN sahaja iaitu 4.5 Hz mg-1 L. Ini merupakan peningkatan hampir 5 kali ganda. Analisis parameter had pengesanan (LOD), kesensitifan, pemalar masa dan kestabilan bertambah baik selepas sensor gentian nano PAN disaluti dengan kitosan. Golongan amina yang hadir dalam kitosan berinteraksi secara berkesan dengan safrola, sekaligus meningkatkan respons pengesanan. Peranti cadangan ini teguh, murah dan mudah untuk mengesan safrola dan boleh digunakan sebagai alternatif kepada metod instrumen klasik untuk menganalisis safrola sebagai pelopor dadah.

Kata kunci: Ekstasi; kitosan; kristal kuarza mikroneraca; safrola; wap sensor

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*Corresponding author; email: triyana@ugm.ac.id