Sains Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 3067-3075

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-19

The Impact of Different Types of Orthodontic Appliances and Its Location in Producing CT Scan Artefacts

(Impak Jenis Peralatan Ortodontik yang Berbeza dan Lokasinya dalam Penghasilan Artefak Imbasan CT)

MAHMUD MOHAMMED¹, NORMA AB. RAHMAN²* & AHMAD HADIF ZAIDIN SAMSUDIN³

¹Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Delta Medical College & Maxillofacial Radiologist, ODC Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh

²Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

³Radiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

Received: 19 March 2020/Accepted: 10 February 2021

ABSTRACT

Fixed orthodontic appliances can produce metal artefacts in CT images which may degrade the diagnostic image quality. The study aimed to evaluate the artefacts based on the types and location of the metallic and non-metallic orthodontic brackets. This is an in-vitro cross-sectional study. Four different types of orthodontic brackets (stainless steel, titanium, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline ceramic bracket) were bonded consecutively in four different locations of the cadaveric skull. All scans were performed by a single operator using the same CT machine followed by a standard scanning protocol. Artefact intensity for all data sets was quantified by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of the grey values within the dataset by following a standard method. The One-way ANOVA Bonferroni test was used for the data analysis. The mean artefact score of the stainless steel bracket was significantly (p < 0.001) high in comparison with other types of the orthodontic brackets. Besides, the mean artefact score was significantly (p=0.002) low when orthodontic brackets were placed unilaterally. Stainless steel brackets produced a significant amount of noise in CT images which can degrade the diagnostic image quality. Thus, the polycrystalline ceramic bracket can be a better alternative of stainless steel brackets for patient need frequent CT scan.

Keywords: Artefact; computed tomography; orthodontic bracket

ABSTRAK

Peralatan ortodontik tetap boleh menghasilkan artefak logam pada imej CT yang boleh merendahkan kualiti imej diagnostik. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai artefak berdasarkan komposisi dan lokasi pendakap metalik dan bukan metalik. Empat jenis peralatan ortodontik tetap (keluli tahan karat, titanium, polikristalin dan mono-kristalin) dilekatkan secara berturut-turut di empat lokasi berbeza pada tengkorak kadaver. Kesemua imbasan dilakukan oleh seorang operator menggunakan mesin CT yang sama diikuti oleh protokol piawai pengimbasan. Keamatan artefak untuk kesemua set data diukur dengan menghitung sisihan piawai dengan mengikuti kaedah piawai. Ujian ANOVA Bonferroni sehala digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Skor artefak peralatan ortodontik tetap keluli tahan karat secara signifikannya adalah tinggi (p < 0.001) berbanding dengan peralatan ortodontik tetap ortodontik lain. Tambahan lagi, purata skor artefak adalah rendah secara signifikan (p=0.002) apabila peralatan ortodontik tetap dilekatkan secara unilateral. Peralatan ortodontik tetap keluli tahan karat menghasilkan sejumlah artefak yang signifikan dalam imej CT yang boleh merendahkan kualiti diagnostik imej. Dengan demikian, pendakap seramik polikristalin boleh menjadi alternatif kepada peralatan ortodontik tetap keluli tahan karat untuk pesakit yang memerlukan imbasan CT.

Kata kunci:  Artefak; pendakap ortodontik; tomografi berkomputer

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*Corresponding author; email: drnorma@usm.my