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Sains Malaysiana 50(7)(2021): 1857-1870
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5007-03
Geological
Effects on Water Quality: A Review of Issues and Challenges in Malaysia
(Kesan Geologi terhadap Kualiti Air: Suatu
Ulasan Berkenaan Isu dan Cabaran di Malaysia)
TERFA
E. GARBA1*, REENA L. RICHARD2, NOR EZZAWANIS A. THANI3, MOHAMAD AZLAN A. MAJID4, MUTARI LAWAL1,5 &
NURA A. YELWA1,5
1Research
Fellow, Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Federal Territory, Malaysia
2Research Fellow, Department
of Science and Technology University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal
Territory, Malaysia
3Research Fellow, Institute
of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal
Territory, Malaysia
4Research Fellow, Tropical
Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, 50603
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
5Research Fellow, Usman
Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
Received:
6 May 2020/Accepted: 21 November 2020
ABSTRACT
Malaysian
source of water for household and industrial use is derived mainly from surface
sources. The increasing demand for quality water for household consumption and
industrial use has posed a great challenge to the otherwise abundant but scarce
natural resources. This paper examines the important challenges associated with
the deteriorating water quality in Peninsular Malaysia. Quality water enhances
one’s good health. Therefore, evaluating health risk as a result of heavy
metals introduction through drinking water from various geological activities
like the ex-mining ponds in Klang
Valley is worthy to note. Heavy metals which are one of the sources of
contaminants, due to their solubility are transported from their source
(mining, agricultural, and industrial) to groundwater. There is a linkage
between land-use change (activities) such as logging, agriculture,
urbanization, mining, and industrial activities as a potential source of
contaminants, this is further conflated by the hydrogeology of the areas which
show a shallow aquifer system predominantly associated with alluvial and
carbonate. Also,
microbial contamination had affected water sources. Given that more of the
aquifer systems in Peninsular Malaysia are shallow, this makes it very easy for
groundwater sources around Malaysia to be contaminated. The industrialisation
and urbanisation in Malaysia, as well as the growing population, posed a great
challenge to water quality. This paper highlights the key challenges and
possible solutions to water quality management in Malaysia.
Keywords: Geological;
hydrogeology; microbial contamination; Peninsular Malaysia; water quality
ABSTRAK
Punca air Malaysia untuk kegunaan isi rumah dan
perindustrian berasal terutamanya daripada punca permukaan. Peningkatan
permintaan air yang berkualiti untuk penggunaan isi rumah dan penggunaan
industri telah menimbulkan tentangan yang besar bagi punca semula jadi yang
semakin berkurang. Makalah ini mengkaji cabaran penting yang berkaitan dengan
kemerosotan kualiti air di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kualiti air meningkatkan
kesihatan seseorang. Oleh itu, menilai risiko kesihatan sebagai hasil
pengenalan logam berat melalui air minuman daripada pelbagai aktiviti geologi
seperti kolam bekas perlombongan di Lembah Klang patut diperhatikan. Logam
berat yang merupakan salah satu punca bahan cemar, kerana kelarutannya
diangkut daripada puncanya (perlombongan, pertanian dan perindustrian) ke air
bawah tanah. Terdapat kaitan antara perubahan penggunaan tanah (aktiviti)
seperti pembalakan, pertanian, pembandaran, perlombongan dan aktiviti industri
sebagai punca pencemaran yang berpotensi, ini selanjutnya digabungkan oleh
hidrogeologi kawasan yang menunjukkan sistem akuifer cetek terutama terkait
dengan aluvium dan karbonat. Juga, pencemaran mikrob mempengaruhi punca air.
Disebabkan banyak sistem akuifer di Semenanjung Malaysia cetek, ini menjadikan
punca air bawah tanah di sekitar Malaysia mudah tercemar. Perindustrian dan
pembandaran di Malaysia, serta pertambahan penduduk, menimbulkan cabaran besar
terhadap kualiti air. Makalah ini menyoroti cabaran utama dan kemungkinan
penyelesaian terhadap pengurusan kualiti air di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Geologi; hidrogeologi; kualiti air;
pencemaran mikrob; Semenanjung Malaysia
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*Corresponding
author; email: garbater@hotmail.com
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