Sains Malaysiana 51(11)(2022): 3539-3549

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-03

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) - Its Approaches to Improve Reproduction in Fish

(Hormon Pelepas Gonadotropin (GnRH) - Pendekatannya untuk Meningkatkan Pembiakan Ikan)

FATIN NABILAH SAHADAN¹, ANNIE CHRISTIANUS^1,2, MD YASIN INA-SALWANY^1,2, FADHIL-SYUKRI ISMAIL², ROSHANI OTHMAN³ & ZARIRAH ZULPERI^1,2,*

¹Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya Campus, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Batang Berjuntai, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 3 November 2021/Accepted: 28 June 2022

Abstract

This review briefly highlights previous studies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its approaches to improving fish reproduction in the aquaculture industry. Reproductive system dysfunction of the captive fish is the main problem that has to be treated depending on the compatibility of fish species. This problem is caused by the non-synchronized maturation of female and male broodstock, and the low quality of broodstock. As shown in previous studies, induced breeding with exogenous treatment from specialized hormones could be one of the best cures for this issue. Hormonal treatments have been used by farmers to overcome the reproductive system dysfunctions in establishing captive wild or hatchery-based breeding. Although the imitation in its natural condition has been set up, for broodstock to spawn naturally problems still occur, hence the need for hormonal therapy. This review aims to deliver the results and contributions of an established artificial hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa), to treat fish reproductive system dysfunction, to improve the qualities of eggs, seedlings, and broodstock, mainly to help fish farmers and can be used in the aquaculture industry to improve the reproduction of cultured fishes for sustainable aquaculture production to achieve the market demand and consumption.

Keywords: Artificial breeding; fish reproduction; GnRH analogue; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; reproductive hormones

Abstrak

Kajian ini secara ringkas menyerlahkan kajian terdahulu mengenai hormon pelepas gonadotropin (GnRH) dan pendekatan untuk meningkatkan pembiakan ikan dalam industri akuakultur. Disfungsi reproduktif pada ikan tawanan merupakan masalah utama yang perlu dirawat bergantung kepada keserasian spesies ikan. Masalah ini berlaku disebabkan kematangan induk betina dan jantan yang tidak berlaku serentak, serta kualiti induk yang rendah. Kajian terdahulu telah menunjukkan bahawa pembiakan teraruh dengan rawatan luaran daripada hormon khusus boleh menjadi salah satu penawar terbaik untuk masalah ini. Rawatan hormon telah menjadi penyelesaian untuk mengatasi masalah berkaitan sistem pembiakan dalam mewujudkan kurungan liar atau berasaskan penetasan. Walaupun mimikan dalam habitat semula jadinya telah dilakukan, masalah untuk anak induk bertelur secara semula jadi masih berlaku, justeru memerlukan terapi hormon. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyampaikan hasil dan sumbangan hormon tiruan yang telah ditetapkan, analog hormon pelepas gonadotropin (GnRHa) untuk merawat pembiakan ikan yang gagal, untuk meningkatkan kualiti telur, anak benih dan stok induk, terutamanya untuk membantu petani dan boleh digunakan oleh industri untuk menambah baik pembiakan ikan ternakan untuk pengeluaran akuakultur yang mampan bagi mencapai permintaan pasaran.

Kata kunci: Analog GnRH; hormon pelepasan gonadotropin; hormon pembiakan; pembiakan buatan; pembiakan ikan

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^*Corresponding author; email: zarirah@upm.edu.my