Sains Ma1aysiana 26(2): 35-41 (1997)                                                                                          Sains hayat/

                                                                                                                                                                 Life Sciences

Human Behaviour Factors Influenced the Risk of Typhoid

Infection in Pasir Mas Kelantan

Kamariah Hussin, Md Idris Md. Nor & Osman Ali

Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat

Fakulti Perubatan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

A case control study was carried out in the district of Pasir Mas with the aim of determining the relationship between human behaviour which is reflected through their practices with the risk of typhoid infection. Respondents consisted of 87 cases and 87 controls who fulfilled the study criteria. Data were obtained from guided questionnaires and observations of the respondents' home environment. Scores were given for knowledge and practices under study. Results of univariate analysis showed that the only significant difference between cases and controls was the mean score of their knowledge on typhoid i.e. the mean score for cases was 17.2±1:3.3 while controls had a mean score of 15.6±1:4.4 (p<0.05). There was also a significant association between knowledge on typhoid with the risk of typhoid infection (OR 0.26 CI 95% 0.09­-0.69). Multiple logistic regression however showed significant relationships between knowledge (OR 0.28 CI 95% 0.11-0.71), personal hygience practices (OR 0.21 Cl 95% 0.04-0.92) as well sanitary use of latrines (OR 4.97 CI 95% 1.12-21.54) with the risk of typhoid infection. Effective health education in its many forms still remains as an important strategy for the preventation and control of typhoid infection.

ABSTRAK

Suatu kajian kes kawalan telah dijalankan di Daerah Pasir Mas dengan tujuan untuk menentukan hubungan perilaku manusia yang digambarkan melalui amalan dengan risiko infeksi tifoid. Responden yang terdiri dari 87 kes dan 87 kawalan yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan telah dipilih. Data didapati dengan soal selidik berpandu dan cerapan yang dilakukan pada sekitaran rumah responden. Skor diberi kepada pengetahuan dan amalan. Hasil dari analisa univariat, didapati perbezaan yang signifikans antara kes dan kawalan pada skor pengetahuan tentang tifoid i.e min skor kes adalah 17.2±1:3.3 sementara kawalan mempunyai min skor 15.6±1:4.4 (p<0.05). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikans antara pengetahuan tentang tifoid dengan risiko infeksi tifoid (OR 0.26. CI 95% 0.09-0.69). Regresi logistik berganda menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikans antara pengetahuan (OR 0.28, CI 95% 0.11-0.71). amalan kebersihan diri (OR 0.21, CI 95% 0.04-0.92) dan juga penggunaan tandas (OR 4.97, CI 95% 1.12-21.54) dengan risiko mendapat infeksi tifoid. Pendidikan kesihatan yang berkesan dalam pelbagai bentuk masih merupakan strategi yang penting dalam mencegah dan mengawal jangkitan tifoid.

RUJUKAN/REFERENCES

Catford, J. Nutbeam, D. 1984. Towards a definition of health education and health promotion. Health Education Journal 43(2&3):38.

Chee, C.S, Noorliza Nordin & Lailanor Ibrahim. 1991. Epidemiology and control of typhoid in Malaysia. Typhoid fever strategies for the 90s. Selected papers from the first Asia-Pasific Symposium on typhoid fever. World Scientific, 3-10.

Hubley,  1988. Understanding behaviour. The key to successful health education.

Tropical doctor 18: 134-138. Larsen F.T. 1995. Typhoid review, Enga Province 986-1991. PNG Med J. 38:20-36.

Pratiwi, S. & Maksum, R. 1991. Features of typhoid fever in Indonesia. Typhoid fever strategies for the 90s. Selected papers from the first Asia-Pacific Symposium on typhoid fever. World Scientific, 3-10.

Stroffolini, T. Marzillo, G. De Sena, R. Manzilli, E. Pagliano, P. Zaccarelli. M. & Russo, M. Socsia M. Giusti, G. 1992. Typhoid fever in the Neopolitan Area: A case control study. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 8(4): 539-542.

Yew, F.S., Goh, K.T., Lim Y.S. 1993. Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore. Epidemiol. Infect. 110: 63-70.