Sains Malaysiana 31: 223-239 (2002)                                                                                           Sains Hayat /

Life Science

 

Kepekatan Partikel Temafas (PMIO) dan Plumbum Temafas

dalam Udara Ambien di Kawasan Bandar dan Luar Bandar

(Concentration of respirable particles (PM10) respirable

lead in ambient air in urban and rural area)

 

 

Samsul Bahari Shamsudin, Zailina Hashim

Unit Kesihatan Persekitaran dan Pekerjaan

Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan

Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

 

Jamal Hisham Hashim, Ariffin Omar

Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat

Fakulti Perubatan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

56000 Jalan Tenteram, Bandar Tun Razak

Cheras Kuala Lumpur

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kepekatan partikel ternafas (PM10) dan kepekatan plumbum ternafas dalam udara ambien di Lembah Klang (Kuala Lumpur), Kemaman dan Setiu (Terengganu). Kajian ini telah melibatkan 5 lokasi iaitu Sek. Keb Jln. Raja Muda, Sek. Keb. Kampung Baru dan Fakulti Perubatan UKM untuk mewakili kawasan Lembah Klang, Kuala Lumpur yang dikenalpasti sebagai kawasan bandar (tercemar) manakala Sek. Keb. Bukit Kuang, Kemaman dan Sek. Keb. Rhu 10, Setiu, Terengganu mewakili kawasan luar bandar (kurang tercemar). Persampelan telah dijalankan pada bulan Jun hingga Oktober 1996. Persampelan udara dijalankan dengan menggunakan alat 'Minivol'. Kepekatan PM10 pada kertas penapis dikira dengan menggunakan kaedah gravimatrik manakala kepekatan plumbum dicerap menggunakan Spektrometer Serapan Atom Relau Grafit. Hasil kajian menunjukkan min kepekatan PM10 di Sek. Keb. Jln Raja Muda (322.50 μg/m3), Sek. Keb. Kampung Baru (515.36 μg/m3), Fakulti Perubatan UKM (225.50 μg/m3), Sek. Keb. Bukit Kuang (147.39 μg/m3) dan Sek. Keb. Rhu 10 (73.70 μg/m3). Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kepekatan PM10 (F=8.573, p<0001) di lima lokasi persampelan. Min kepekatan plumbum di Sek. Keb. Jln. Raja Muda (0.093 μg/m3), Sek. Keb. Kampung Baru (0.146 μg/m3), Fakulti Perubatan UKM (0.071 µg/m3), Sek. Keb. Bukit Kuang (0.027 μg/m3) dan Sek. Keb. Rhu 10 (0.015 μg/m3), terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kepekatan plumbum (F=20.978, p<0.001) di kelima-lima lokasi kajian. Hasil kajian ini telah mendapati kepekatan plumbum temafas di dalam PM10 adalah kira-kira 0.029% (bandar) dan 0.019% (luar bandar). Selain daripada itu hasil analisis mendapati terdapatnya hubungan yang signifikan antara kepekatan PM10 dengan plumbum untuk kesemua lokasi kajian (r=0.675, p<0.001), kawasan bandar (r=0.648, p<0.001) dan kawasan luar bandar (r=0.946, p<0.00l).

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of respirable particles (PM10) and the concentration of respirable lead in the ambient air of the Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur), Kemaman and Setiu (Terengganu). Five locations that have been selected for this study are namely, Sek. Keb. Jln. Raja Muda, Sek. Keb. Kampung Baru and the Medical Faculty in UKM are representing the Klang Valley areas. Kuala Lumpur is identified as the urban area (polluted) where as Sek. Keb. Bukit Kuang, Kemaman and Sek. Keb. Rhu 10, Setiu, Terengganu represents rural area (less polluted). Sampling was conducted between the months of June until October 1996. Air sampling was conducted using Minivol. PM10 concentration on the filter paper is measured using the gravimetric method where as lead concentration is observed using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed mean PM10 concentration in Sek. Keb. Jln. Raja Muda is 322.50 μg/m3, Sek. Keb. Kampung Baru is 515.36 μg/m3, Medical Faculty of UKM is 225.50 μg/m3, Sek. Keb. Bukit Kuang is 147.39 mg/m3 and Sek. Keb. Rhu 10 is 73.70 μg/m3. A significant variance difference was seen in the PM10 concentration (F=8.573, p<O0.001) in all five sampling locations. Mean lead concentration in Sek. Keb. Jln. Raja Muda is 0.093 µg/ m3, Sek. Keb. Kampung Baru is 0.146 μg/m3, Medical Faculty of UKM is 0.071 μg/m3, Sek. Keb. Bukit Kuang is 0.027 μg/m3 and Sek. Keb. Rhu 10 is 0.015 μg/m3. A significant variance difference was also seen in the lead concentration (F=20.978, p<0.001) in all five locations. The results of this study found respirable lead concentration in PM10 is about 0.029% (urban) and 0.019% (rural). 1n addition, analysis results showed a significant relationship between the PM10 concentration and lead for all five study locations (r=0.675, p<0.001), urban area (r=0.648, p<0.001) and rural area (r=0.946, p<0.001).

 

 

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