Sains Malaysiana 33(2): 105-120 (2004) Sains Hayat / Life Science
Major and Trace Elements Composition of Tidal Flat Sediment Around Sungai Tengi Estuary, Tanjung Karang Selangor
Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Mohamad Md. Tan, Ramlan Omar, Zulfahmi Abdul Rahman, Tukimat Lihan & Lim Shuey Shyong Environmental Sciences Program School of Environmental and Natural Resources Science Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Eleven marine sediment samples from Sg. Tengi Estuary, Tanjung Karang were analysed for their major elements in the oxides form (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O, TiO2, P2O5 and MnO) and trace elements (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Zn, and Zr) contents. The muddy marine sediment was collected at the left and right side of the river mouth as far as one kilometre away and about 25-30 meters from the edge of existing growth. Some of the mud sample appears to have cockleshell flakes in them. The mean of major elemental content (oxides form) in the sediment in decreasing order were dominated by SiO2 (56.3%), followed by Al2O3, (15.5%), Fe2O3 (4.1%), Na2O (2.7%), CaO (2.6%), MgO (2.3%), K2O (1.8%), TiO2 (0.5%), P2O5 (0.14%) and MnO (0.06%). Volatile substances represented by loss on ignition (LOI) (13.9%) occupied substantial amounts of the sediment volume. The most abundant trace elements displayed as mean was Zr (222 mgkg-1), followed by Ba (200 mgkg-1), Sr (172 mgkg-1), Rb (131 mgkg-1), Zn (103 mgkg-1), V (l02mgkg-1), Cr (84 mgkg-1), Pb (40 mgkg-1), Ni (34 mgkg-1), Cu (31 mgkg-1) and Co (22 mgkg-1). Correlation analysis showed that Cr, Pb and Zn were positively related to the Fe203 and Al2O3 content whereas increase in pH immobilised Cr and Zn in the sediment. The mean of Cr (84 mgkg-1) and Zn (103 mgkg-1) content in sediment were higher than the lower limit of their respective threshold concentration.
ABSTRAK
Sebanyak 11 sampel sedimen marin daripada muara Sg. Tengi, Tanjung Karang telah dianalisis untuk menentukan kandungan unsur major dalam bentuk oksida (SiO2, Al2O3 Fe2O3, Na2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O, TiO2, P2O5 and MnO) dan unsur surih (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Zn, and Zr). Sedimen marin berlumpur dikutip daripada bahagian kiri dan kanan muara sungai dalam jarak sejauh kira-kira 1 km dan 25-30 meter ke arah laut daripada kawasan pertumbuhan yang sedia ada. Sebahagian daripada sampel lumpur tersebut mempunyai kandungan serpihan kulit kerang. Purata kandungan unsur major di dalam sedimen mengikut urutan menurun adalah didominasi oleh SiO2 (56.27%) diikuti oleh Al2O3 (15.5%), Fe2O3 (4.1 %), Na2O (2.7%), CaO. (2.6%), MgO (2.3%), K2O (1.8%), TiO2 (0.5%), P2O5 (0.14%)dan MnO. (0.06%). Sebatian mudah meruap diwakili oleh kehilangan menerusi pembakaran (LOI) (13.9%) mengisi isipadu yang agak besar di dalam komposisi sedimen. Purata kandungan unsur surih yang terbanyak ditunjukkan. oleh Zr (222 mgkg-1), diikuti oleh Ba (200 mgkg-1), Sr (172 mgkg-1), Rb (131 mgkg-1), Zn (103 mgkg-1), V (l02 mgkg-1), Cr (84 mgkg-1), Pb (40 mgkg-1), Ni (34 mgkg-1), Cu (31 mgkg-1) dan Co (22 mgkg-1). Analisis korelasi menunjukkan Cr, Pb dan Zn mempunyai hubungan positij yang signijikan dengan Fe2O3 dan Al2O3, manakala peningkatan pH memegunkan Cr dan Zn dalam sedimen. Purata kandungan Cr (84 mgkg-1) dan Zn (103 mgkg-1) di dalam sedimen lebih tinggi daripada paras yang dikira berpotensi toksik di dalam sedimen.
REFERENCES/RUJUKAN
Alloway. B. J. 1995. Heavy metals in soil. CRC Press. Boca Raton. Fla. Bowen. H.J .M. 1979. Environmental Chemistry of the elements. Academic Press London. De Jongh. W.K. 1973. X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis applying Theoritical Matrix Corrections. Stainless Steel. X-Ray Spectrometry. 2(151). De Jongh. W.K. 1979. The Atomic Number Z=O: Loss and gain on ignition in XRF Analysis treated by the In-Equations. X-Ray Spectrometry. 8(52). Duinker, J.E. & Nolting. R.F. 1980. Mixing. Removal and Mobilisation of Trace Metals in the Rhine Estuary. Neth. J. Sea Res . 12(205). Jennet. J.C, Effler, S.W. & Wixson. B.G. 1980. Mobilisation and Toxicological Aspects of Sedimentary Contaminations. In Baker, R.A. (Eds). Contaminants and Sediments. Vol. I: Fate and Transport Case Studies. Modelling, Toxicity. Ann Arbor Sci. Publishers. Inc. Michigan. P. 429-444. Kabata-Pendias. A. & Pendias. H. 1992. Trace elements in Soils and Plants. 2nd edn. Crc Press. Boca Raton. Fla. Lakin, H. W. 1979. Excesses and deficiencies in rocks and soils as related to plant and animal nutrition. In: Review of research on modem problems in geochemistry. Siegel, F. R. (ed.). International Association for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry. UNESCO. 89-110. Lai, K.M. 1998. Kewujudan dan Kelimpahan Foraminifera dan Ostracoda di dalam Sedimen di Sungai Tengi Tanjung Karang. UKM B.Sc. Thesis (Unpublished). Mielke, J. E. 1979. In: Review of Research on Modem Problems in Geochemistry. Siegel. F.R. (Eds.). International Association For Geochemistry And Cosmochemistry. Metson, A.J. 1956. Methods of chemical analysis for soil survey samples. Bull. N.Z. Dept. Scienc. Ind. Res. No. 12. Norrish, K. & Hutton, J.T 1969. An Accurate X-Ray Spectrographic Method for the Analysis of a Wide Range of Geological Samples. Geochim. Et Cosmochima Acta, 11: 431-451. Sahibin, A.R. & Mohamad. M.T. 1997. Komposisi Unsur Major dan Unsur Surih Tanah yang terbentuk di Dataran Pasang Surut di Pulau Langkawi. Borneo Science 1: 51-64. Sahibin A. Rahim, Ramlan Omar, Mohamad, M.T. & Lim, S.S. 2000. Minor element Content in estuary and coastal sediment samples from Tanjung Karang and Pulau Langkawi. In Towards Sustainable Management of the Straits of Malacca. M. Shariff, F. M. Yusoff, N. Gopinath, H. M. Ibrahim & R. A. Nik Mustapha (eds.), p.365-379. Malacca Straits Research and Development Centre (MASDEC), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. 365-379. Shamsuddin, J. 1990. Sifat dan pengurusan tanah di Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur. Sposito, G. 1983. The chemical forms of trace metals in soils. In: Applied Environmental Geochemistry. Iain Thornton (ed.). Academic Press, London. 123-170. Turekian, KK 1977. The Fate of Metals in the Oceans. Geochim, Cosmochim. Acta, 41: 11-19. Wedepohl, KH. (Ed.). 1969. Handbook of Geochemistry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (Several Volumes). Wittmann, G. T. & Forstner, U. 1979. Metal enrichment sediment in inland waters the Hartbeespoort. Dam Water AS, 1: 76-82.
|
|||
|
