Sains Malaysiana 35(1): 75-82 (2006)

Determination of Air Quality and Noise Levels in the Mixed

Industrial and Residential Areas of Nilai,

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(Penentuan Kualiti Udara dan Paras Hingar dalam Kawasan Perindustrian

dan Penempatan di Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Norela Sulaiman, Hazila Abdul Samat & Maimon Abdullah

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43000 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the air quality in the mixed residential and industrial areas of Nilai, Negeri Sembilan based on the concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)  and ozone (O₃) gases as well as noise levels. Samplings were carried out for a total period of four days comprising two working and Monon-working days for each station from October 2004 until January 2005. Air Pollution Index (API) values showed that the air quality in these stations was moderately good. Secondary data were collected for PM₁₀ The average concentration values of SO₂ CO, NO₂ and 0₃ were 0.024+0.021, 3.782±1.033, 0.0I3±0.009 and 0.026±0.008 ppm respectively. The results also showed that the concentrations of the pollutants were below their respective maximum permissible values stipulated by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) of the pollutant levels between working days and non-working days. However, there were strong positive correlations between ozone gas and nitrogen dioxide levels (r=0.447, p<0.0l). There were a/so strong positive correlations between the concentration of co and the number of vehicles passing through (r= O. 690, p<0.0l). This study showed that the NO₂ parameter was 92.35% close to the maximum permissible value set by the DOE. This could be due to anthropogenic activities. The noise levels recorded in this area were above the permissible limits set by the DOE.

Keywords: Noise pollution, Air Pollution Index, sulphur dioxide (SO₂) carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₃), ozone (0₃)

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kualiti udara berdasarkan kepekatan gas sulfur dioksida (SO₂) karbon monoksida (CO), nitrogen dioksida (NO₂) dan ozon (O₃) serta paras hingar di sekitar kawasan petempatan Perindustrian Nilai. Persampelan telah dijalankan selama empat hari, iaitu dua hari bekerja dan dua hari tidak bekerja untuk setiap stesen bermula dari Oktober 2004 hingga Januari 2005. Nilai Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU) menunjukkan bahawa kualiti udara di kawasan petempatan Perindustrian Nilai berada pada paras sederhana. Data PM₁₀ yang diperolehi merupakan data sekunder. Nilai purata kepekatan gas SO₂ CO, NO₂ dan O₃ masing-masing adalah 0.024±0.021, 3.782±l.033, 0.013±0.009 dan O.026±0.008 ppm. Namun begitu, nilai kepekatan gas pencemar udara adalah masih di bawah nilai yang ditetapkan oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) Malaysia. Ujian statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan kepekatan yang signifikan (p>0.05) bagi gas-gas pencemar antara hari bekerja dengan hari tidak bekerja. Walau bagaimanapun terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat signifikan antara gas ozon dengan nitrogen dioksida (r=0.447, p<0.01). Terdapat juga korelasi positifyang sangat signifikan antara kepekatan CO dengan bilangan kenderaan yang lalu lalang di setiap stesen persampelan (r=0.690, p<0.01). Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa parameter NO₂ mencatatkan bacaan yang paling hampir dengan had yang dibenarkan oleh JAS (92.35%). Ini mungkin disebabkan oleh aktiviti antropogenik. Secara keseluruhannya, paras hingar di kawasan kajian melebihi tahap yang dibenarkan oleh JAS Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Pencemaran bunyi, indeks pencemaran udara, sulfur dioksida (SO₂) karbon monoksida (CO₂), nitrogen ninksida (NO₂), ozon (O₃)

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