Sains Malaysiana 35(2):29-34 (2006)

Keadaan Eutrofikasi di Tasik Chini

(Eutrophic Condition at Tasik Chini)

M. Shuhaimi-Othman & E.C. Lim

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian kualiti air di Tasik Chini telah dijalankan pada bulan Julai, Ogos dan September 2004. Sebanyak 15 stesen persampelan telah dipilih dan sebanyak 14 parameter kualiti air telah ditentukan dalam kajian ini. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan nilai purata keseluruhan tasik bagi tiga bulan persampelan bagi parameter suhu, oksigen terlarut, konduktiviti, jumlah pepejal terlarut, turbiditi, ph, ammonia-N, nitrat, fosfat, permintaan oksigen kimia, sulfat, permintaan oksigen biokimia dan jumlah pepejal terampai masing-masing adalah 29.73 ± 0.44 °C, 6.08 ± 0.88 mg/L, 21.35 ± 4.32 mS/cm, 13.66 ± 2.76 mg/L, 2.84 ± 3.77 NTU, 6.63 ± 0.24, 0.11 ± 0.04 mg/L, 0.02 ± 0.02 mg/L, 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/L, 0.23 ± 0.36 mg/L, 16.69 ± 4.31 mg/L, 1.97 ± 1.32 mg/L dan 5.17 ± 3.67 mg/L. Perbandingan dengan nilai Piawaian Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (INWQS) menunjukkan secara amnya parameter yang dikaji berada dalam kelas I-IV. Kepekatan klorofil-a adalah rendah pada bulan Julai dan September dengan purata 1.4 µg/L, tetapi meningkat pada bulan Ogos dengan purata 21.91 µg/L dan meletakkan Tasik Chini dalam status eutrofik pada bulan tersebut. Faktor-faktor yang menyumbang ke arah fenomena in dibincang lanjut dalam kertas ini.

Kata kunci: Eutrofikasi; Tasik Chini; Nutrien; Kualiti Air

ABSTRACT

A study on water quality in Tasik Chini has been conducted in July, August and September 2004. Fifteen sampling stations have been selected in Tasik Chini and 14 water quality parameters have been determined in this study. Results showed that the mean value for temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solid, turbidity, pH, ammonia-N, nitrate, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, sulphate, biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solid for three months sampling are 29.73 ± 0.44 °C, 6.08 ± 0.88 mg/L, 21.35 ± 4.32 mS/cm, 13.66 ± 2.76 mg/L, 2.84 ± 3.77 NTU, 6.63 ± 0.24, 0.11 ± 0.04 mg/L, 0.02 ± 0.02 mg/L, 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/L, 0.23 ± 0.36 mg/L, 16.69 ± 4.31 mg/L, 1.97 ± 1.32 mg/L and 5.17 ± 3.67 mg/L respectively. Comparison to the Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS) showed that in general all, parameters studied were in class I-IV. Chlorophyll-a concentration was low in July and September with a mean value of 1.4 µg/L, however in August the value increased to 21.91 µg/L and indicated that Tasik Chini was under eutrophic conditions. Factors that contributed to this phenomena are discussed further in this paper.

Keywords: Eutrophication; Tasik Chini; Nutrient; Water Quality

RUJUKAN/REFERENCES

Ainon, H., Ratuah, M., Mimi, N.M. & Affendi, M.T. 2006. Water quality of Chini Lake from the bacteria aspect. Paper presented at the Chini Lake Expedition 2004, UKM, Bangi, Malaysia.

APHA, 1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th edition. American Public Health Association (APHA), Washington.

Bennion, H., Hilton, J., Hughes, M., Clark, J., Hornby, D., Fozzard, I., Phillips, G. & Reynolds, C. 2005. The use of GIS base inventory to provide a national assessment of standing waters at risk from eutrophication in Great Britain. Sci. Total Enviro., 344: 259-273.

EPA, 1976. Quality Criteria for Water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 256p.

HACH,2003. The Handbook of DR/2500 Laboratory Spectrophotometer. (HACH Company, USA)

Hilton, J. & Irons, G.P. 1998. Determining the cost of “apparent eutrophication” effect. Environmental agency R&D technical report P203. 21p.

Hilton, J., O’Hare, M., Bowes, M.J. & Jones, J.I. 2006. How green is my river? A new paradigm of eutrophication in rivers. Sci. Total Environ. 365: 66-83.

Ikusima, I., Lim, R.P. & Furtado, J.I. 1982. Environmental conditions. Dalam Furtado, J.I.& Mori,  S.(pnyt). Tasek Bera: The Ecology of a Freshwater Swamp. The Hague: Dr W Junk Publishers.

JAS (Jabatan Alam Sekitar, Malaysia) 2002. Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2001. Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia.

Le Gren, E. D. & Lowe-McConnell, R. H. 1980. The Functioning of Freshwater Ecosystem. Cambridge University Press.

Mushrifah Idris & Ahmad Abas Kutty 2005. Trends of  physico-chemical water quality Tasik Chini.Dalam Mushrifah Idris, Khatijah Hussin & Abdul Latiff Mohammad (pnyt). Khazanah Tasik Chini. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: 20-29.

OECD. 1982. Eutrophication of waters: Monitoring, assessment and control. OECD, Paris, 154 pp.

Pretty, J.N., Mason, C.F., Nedwell, D.B., Hine, R.E., Leaf, S. & Dils, R. 2003. Environmental cost of freshwater eutrophication in England and Wales. Environ.Sci. Tech. 32: 201-208.

Shuhaimi-Othman, M., Lim Eng Chong, Mushrifah Idris & Shaharudin Idrus 2005. Kualiti air dan logam berat di Tasik Chini, Pahang. Prosiding Seminar IRPA RMK-8, Kategori EAR; Jilid II: 216-220.

Tong, S.L. & Goh, S.H. 1997. Water quality criteria and standard development and river classification in Malaysia. J. Ensearch 10: 15-26.

Tusseau-Vuilleman, M.H. 2001. Do food processing industries contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic systems? Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 50: 143-152.

Vuorenmaa, J., Rekolainen, S., Lepisto, A., Kenttamies, K. & Kauppila, P. 2002. Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and forest areas in Finland during the 1980s and 1990s. Environ. Monit. Assess. 76: 213-248.