Sains Malaysiana 37(1): 15-19 (2008)

Peruntukan Aktiviti Harian  Dan Kesan Aktiviti Pengkayaan Terhadap Cimpanzi (Pan troglodytes)  Di dalam Kurungan

(Daily Activity Budgets and Enrichment Activity Effect

On Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)  In Captivity)

Badrul Munir Md-Zain, Ng Mei Yen

& Idris Abd. Ghani

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 Mac 2007 / Diterima: 25 Mei 2007

ABSTRAK

Kajian kelakuan harian diurnal telah dijalankan ke atas beberapa ekor cimpanzi (Pan troglodytes) di Zoo Negara. Objektif kajian ialah untuk mencerap peruntukan aktiviti harian cimpanzi di dalam kurungan dan mengkaji kesan pengkayaan terhadap kelakuannya. Kaedah persampelan yang digunakan ialah persampelan fokus dengan pengrekodan berterusan. Pemerhatian dijalankan selama 32 hari dari pukul 9.00 pagi hingga 5.00 petang dengan satu jam berehat. Fasa tanpa pengkayaan berlangsung selama 16 hari (80 jam 45 min). Fasa pengkayaan juga dilakukan selama 16 hari (86 jam 15 min). Hasil aktiviti harian menunjukkan cimpanzi banyak berehat (45.2%) dan memerhati persekitaran (16.81%) diikuti dengan aktiviti pergerakan (11.33%), makan (8.38%), berdandan (5.27%), mencari makanan (4.81%), tidur (3.40%), agresif (0.38%), kelakuan lain-lain yang tak tertakrif dalam skop kajian ini seperti kelakuan stereotipik (0.28%) dan kelakuan seksual (0.14%). Fasa pengkayaan memberi hanya perbezaan yang bererti kepada kelakuan mencari makanan (p<0.001), membina sarang (p<0.05) dan kelakuan memerhati persekitaran (p<0.05).

Kata kunci: Peruntukan aktiviti harian; aktiviti pengkayaan; cimpanzi; kurungan

ABSTRACT

A study on daily diurnal behaviour of several chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was conducted in Zoo Negara. This study was aimed to investigate the diurnal behavioural activities of captive chimpanzees and the effects of enrichment towards their behaviours. Focal sampling with continuous recording was employed. The observations involved 32 days and were conducted from 0900 to 1700 with an hour break, 16 days each for non-enrichment and enrichment observations respectively. Non-enrichment phase was carried in 80 hr and 45 min, while the enrichment phase was conducted in 86 hr 15 min. Results showed that the captive chimpanzees spent more time for resting (45.2%) and observing their surroundings (16.81%), locomotion activities (11.33%), eating (8.38%), grooming (5.27%), foraging (4.81%), sleeping (3.40%), aggressive behaviour (0.38%) as well as other non-define behaviour such as stereotypic behaviour (0.28%) and sexual behaviour (0.14%). The enrichment caused significant changed only to foraging (p<0.001), nest-building (p<0.05) and observing behaviours (p<0.05).

Keywords: Daily activity budget; enrichment activity; chimpanzee; captivity

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