Sains Malaysiana  37(1): 39-49(2008) 

Pengambilan Logam Berat oleh Nepenthes sp. dalam

Tanih Bekas Lombong Besi dan Timah,

Pelepah Kanan,  Kota Tinggi, Johor

(Heavy Metal Uptake by Nepenthes sp. in Ex-Iron and Tin Mine

Soil, Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor)

Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Tukimat Lihan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Baba Musta, Adong Laming

Sekolah Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris

Muhd. Barzani Gasim, Azman Hashim, Sharilnizam Mohd. Yusof, Liow Hai Yin

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Diserahkan: 10 April 2007 / Diterima:  10 Julai 2007

ABSTRAK

Kandungan logam-logam berat Pb, Zn, Ni, Co dan Cd pada empat bahagian tumbuhan Nepenthes sp. (akar, batang, daun dan periuk) serta substrat tanih yang menyokong pertumbuhannya dari kawasan bekas lombong bijih timah dan besi di Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor telah ditentukan. Komposisi logam-logam berat dalam sampel tanih diekstrak menggunakan campuran asid nitrik pekat dan asid perklorik. Pengekstrakan logam berat dalam tumbuhan pula dilakukan menggunakan kaedah penghadaman basah. Kandungan logam berat di dalam ekstrak larutan tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Penyerapan Atom kaedah nyalaan (FAAS-model Perkin Elmer 3300). Nilai koefisien Penyerapan Biologi (BAC) yang merupakan nisbah kandungan logam berat dalam tumbuhan kepada kandungan logam berat dalam tanih ditentukan secara kiraan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tanih di kawasan kajian adalah berasid dan didominasi oleh pasir. Kandungan bahan organik dan kepekatan garam dalam tanih pula adalah rendah, manakala nilai pH adalah berasid. Logam Zn (698.5 mg/kg) menunjukkan kepekatan yang tinggi di dalam substrat tanih diikuti oleh logam Co (182.9 mg/kg), Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Ni (12.2 mg/kg) dan  Cd (2.09 mg/kg). Kepekatan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan mengikut kepekatan menurun adalah Ni>Co>Cd>Pb>Zn. Kepekatan logam di dalam bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan bagi semua logam. Tumbuhan Nepenthes sp. didapati menumpukkan logam Ni dalam kepekatan yang tinggi sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan nilai BACnya yang tinggi. Tumbuhan ini mungkin boleh digunakan sebagai bio-penunjuk bagi kehadiran Ni dalam kepekatan yang tinggi di dalam tanih.

Kata kunci: Pengambilan logam berat; Nephentes sp.; Bekas lombong besi; timah 

ABSTRACT

Heavy metals which are Pb, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd content in four Nephentes sp. plant component (roots, stem, leaf and pots) and in soil substrates from former iron and tin mining land at Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor were determined. The composition of heavy metals in soil were extracted using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid. Meanwhile, heavy metals in plants samples were extracted using wet digestion method. Heavy metals content in solution extract of soil and plant were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS – model Perkin Elmer 3300). BAC (Biological Absorption Coefficient) which is a ratio of heavy metal content in plant to that of heavy metal in soil was obtained by calculation. The result of  analyses showed that the former mining area has low organic matter contents and low values of soil electrical conductivity, whereas the soil pH showed an acidic value. Concentration of heavy metal in soil substrates in decreasing sequence start with Zn at 698.5 mg/kg followed by Co (182.9 mg/kg), Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Ni (12.2 mg/kg) and  Cd (2.09 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentration in plant in desreasing sequence was Ni>Co>Cd>Pb>Zn. Concentration in different part of the plant did not show any significant difference for all of the metals. Nepenthes sp. was found to accumulate high concentration of Ni as indicated by its high BAC value. This plant may be useful as bio-indicator for high concentration of Ni in soil.

Keywords: Heavy metals uptake; Nephentes sp.;  Ex tin; iron mine

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