Sains Malaysiana 37(4): 331-336(2008)
Kajian Awal Pelakuan Parameter Fizikal dan Nutrien Fosfat
di Muara Sungai Dungun, Terengganu
(A Preliminary Study on the Behaviour of Physical
Parameters and Phosphate-Based Nutrients in Dungun River Estuary,
Terengganu)
Suhaimi Suratman, Norhayati
Mohd Tahir & Mohd Shafaril
Mohd Amin
Kumpulan Penyelidik Alam Sekitar (ERG)Jabatan
Sains Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan TeknologiUniversiti
Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala TerengganuTerengganu,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 13 Februari 2008 / Diterima: 4 April 2008
ABSTRAK
Taburan parameter fizikal, jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS),
klorofil-a dan nutrien berasaskan fosfat telah dikaji di muara Sungai
Dungun. Pada umumnya, kesemua parameter yang diukur menunjukkan
sifat tak konservatif daripada garis pencairan teori. Analisis terhadap
nutrien berasaskan fosfat menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan ortofosfat
dan total fosfat masing-masing dalam julat 6.3-23.3 µg/L P dan 5.5-133.9
µg/L P. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan taburan nutrien berasaskan
fosfat dipengaruhi oleh parameter fizikal, TSS dan klorofil-a. Faktor-faktor
antropogenik juga menyumbang kepada tingginya kepekatan ortofosfat
dan total fosfat yang didapati terutamanya di kawasan pertengahan
muara sungai.
Kata kunci: Muara; nutrien berasaskan fosfat; parameter fizikal
ABSTRACT
The distribution of physical parameters of total suspended
solids (TSS), chlorophyll-a and phosphate-based nutrients was monitored
in Dungun River estuary. Generally, all the parameters measured
appear to behave as non-conservative from the theoretical dilution
line. Analyses of phosphate-based nutrients showed variation in
the concentrations of orthophosphate and total phosphate with values
ranging from 6.3-23.3 µg/l P and 5.5-133.9 µg/l P, respectively.
The results also showed that TSS and chlorophyll-a exerted an influence
on the distribution of phosphate-based nutrients. It is postulated
that anthropogenic factors also contributed to the relatively high
concentration of orthophosphate and total phosphate observed in
particular at the middle reaches of the estuary.
Keywords: Estuary;
physical parameters; phosphate-based nutrients
REFENCES/RUJUKAN
APHA. 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water
and wastewater. Edisi ke 19. Washington: APHA, AWWA and AWPFC.
Aston. 1980. Nutrients, dissolved gases and general biogeochemistry
in estuaries. Dlm. Chemistry
and Biochemistry in Estuaries. Olanssen, E. & Cato, I.
(pynt.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Brewer, W.S., Abernathy, A.R.
& Paynter, M.J.B. 1977. Oxygen consumption by freshwater sediments.
Water Research 11: 471-473.
Cyrus, D.P. & Blaber, S.J.M. 1992. Turbidity
and salinity in a tropical Northern Australia
estuary and their influence on fish distribution. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35: 545-563.
Fox, L.E., Sager, S.L. &
Wofsy, S.C.
1985. Factors controlling the concentrations of soluble phosphorus
in the Mississippi estuary. Limnology and Oceanography 30: 826-832.
Fox, L.E., Sager, S.L. &
Wofsy, S.C.
1986. The chemical control of soluble phosphorus in the Amazon estuary.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50: 783-794.
Lee, Y.H., Manaferry, M.,
Penny, S. &
Lee, N.C.
2007. Pemonitoran intensif beberapa nutrien dalam Sungai Sarawak
di Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Sains Malaysiana 36: 133-137.
Liss, P.S. 1976. Conservative
and non-conservative behaviour of dissolved constituents during
estuarine mixing. Dlm Estuarine
Chemistry. Burton,
J.D. & Liss, P.S. (pynt.). London:
Academic Press.
Lopez-Hernandez, D. &
Burnham, C.P. 1978. The covariance of phosphate availability with
the other soil properties in some British and tropical soils. Agrochimica 22: 150-159.
Mackay, D.W. & Leatherland,
T.M. 1976. Chemical processes in estuary receiving major inputs
of industrial and domestic waste. Dlm. Estuarine
Chemistry. Burton,
J.D. & Liss, P.S. (pynt). London:
Academic Press.
Mazlin, M., Ismail, B. &
Agnes, P. 2001. Kualiti air sekitar kawasan perindustrian Balakong,
Lembangan Langat. Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences 7: 129-138.
Morris, A.W., Mantoura, R.F.C.,
Baye, A.J. & Howland, R.J.M. 1978. Very low salinity regions
of estuaries: Important sites for chemical and biological reactions.
Nature 274: 678-680.
Riley J.P. & Chester R.
1971. The dissolved gases in Sea Water. (Part 2). Carbon Dioxide.
Dlm Introduction to Marine Chemistry. London: Academic Press.
Saad, M.A.H. 1978. Seasonal
variations of some physico-chemical conditions of Shatt al-Arab
estuary, Iraq.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 6:
503-513.
Sharp, J.H., Culberson, C.H.
& Church, T.M. 1982. The chemistry of the Delaware estuary. General consideration. Limnology and Oceanography 27: 1015-1028.
Sharp, J.H., Cifuentes, L.A., Coffin, R.B., Pennock,
J.R. & Wong, K.C. 1986. The influence of river variability on
the circulation, chemistry and microbiology of the Delaware estuary. Estuaries 9: 261-269.
Simpson, H.J., Hammond, D.E., Deck, B.L.
& Williams,
S.C. 1975. Nutrient
budgets in the Hudson
estuary. Dlm. Marine Chemistry
in the Coastal Environment, Church, T.M. (pynt.). American Chemical
Society Series.
Smith, R.V. 1977. Domestic
and agricultural contributions to the inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen
to Lough Neagh. Water Research
11: 453-459.
Stefansson, U. & Richards,
F.A. 1963. Processes contribution to the nutrient distributions
of the Columbia River and Strait of Juan de
Fuca. Limnology and Oceanography 8: 394-410.
Suhaimi, S., Norhayati, M.T.
& Tong, S.L. 1996. Tidal variations of some physico-chemical
and nutrient parameters in Selangor
River estuary.
Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences
2: 317-326.
Uncles, R.J. 1983. Modeling
tidal stress, circulation and mixing in the Bristol
Channel as a prerequisite for ecosystem studies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
40: 8-19.
van Bennekom, A.J., Berger, G.W., Helder, W. & Derries, R.T.P. 1978. Nutrient distribution in the Zaire estuary and river plume. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 12: 296-323.
van Es, F.B. & Ruardij, P. 1982. The
use of a model to assess factors affecting the oxygen balance in
the water of the Dullard. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 15: 313-330.
Zwolsman, J.J.G. 1994. Seasonal
variability and biogeochemistry of phosphorus in the Scheldt estuary,
South-west Netherlands. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science 39:
227-248.
|