Sains Malaysiana 38(3): 313-320(2009)

Komposisi Geokimia Sedimen Pantai di Pulau Langkawi,

Kedah, Malaysia

(Geochemical Composition of Beach Sediment in Langkawi Island,

Kedah, Malaysia)

Wan Mohd Razi Idris*, Sahibin Abdul Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman,

Tukimat Lihan, Azman Hashim & Shahril Nizam Mohd Yusuf

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600, Bangi, Selangor. D. E., Malaysia

Diserahkan: 8 April 2008 / Diterima: 3 Ogos 2008

ABSTRAK

Sebanyak 40 sampel sedimen pantai Pulau Langkawi telah dianalisis bagi menentukan kepekatan kandungan logam berat Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn dan Cu. Sampel permukaan sedimen diambil di kawasan Pulau Dayang Bunting, Pulau Tuba dan Selat Kuah. Parameter sedimen yang mempengaruhi pengayaan logam berat seperti pH, peratus kandungan bahan organik dan taburan saiz partikel sedimen juga ditentukan. Data yang diperolehi menunjukkan kelimpahan kandungan logam berat unsur Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, dan Cu di dalam sampel sedimen adalah masing-masing mempunyai sela pada 13-75 µgg^-1, 9-113 µgg^-1, 3-57 µgg^-1, 2-26 µgg^-1, 8-69 µgg^-1 dan 2-14 µgg^-1. Nilai pH dan kandungan bahan organik sedimen masing-masing mempunyai sela pada 3.95-8.39 dan 0.06-15.01%, manakala taburan saiz partikel didominasi oleh saiz pasir iaitu melebihi 70%. Analisis korelasi bagi semua sampel menunjukkan kelimpahan logam-logam berat di dalam sedimen dipengaruhi oleh kandungan bahan organik, kelodak dan lempung, manakala korelasi antara kandungan logam berat menunjukkan hubungan positif signifikan dengan semua unsur pada paras melebihi 1%. Secara keseluruhan kepekatan kandungan logam berat Co dan Pb di dalam sedimen adalah tinggi menunjukkan sekitarannya telah tercemar yang berpunca daripada aktiviti pembangunan pesat di sebelah daratan ataupun aktiviti kelautan.

Kata kunci: Geokimia; logam berat; Pulau Langkawi; sedimen

ABSTRACT

A total of 40 surface sediment samples collected from Pulau Langkawi namely Pulau Daya Bunting, Pulau Tuba and Selat Kuah  were analyzed to determine the heavy metal content such as Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu. Sediment parameters such as pH, organic matter content and particle size distribution usually considered influential in heavy metal enrichment were also determined. The abundance of heavy metals namely Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu in sediment samples ranged at 13-75 µgg^-1, 9-113 µgg^-1, 3-57 µgg^-1, 2-26 µgg^-1, 8-69 µgg^-1 and 2-14 µgg^-1 respectively. The values of pH and organic matter content ranged at 3.95-8.39 and 0.06-15.01% respectively, whilst the particle size distribution was dominated by sand with values of more 70%. Correlation analysis showed that the organic matter content and the presence of silt and clay minerals controlled the abundance of heavy metal in the sediment, whereas heavy metal content had a significant positive correlation at above 1% level with all elements. The Co and Pb heavy metal concentration were above the critical level where potential toxicity in soil and sediment may occur. This could be attributed to input of effluent from development activity in the inland or from the sea.

Keywords: Geochemical; heavy metal; Pulau Langkawi; sediment

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: email: razi@ukm.my