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Sains
Malaysiana 38(4)(2009): 449–455
Indeks Kualiti Air di Sekitar Kawasan Lombongdi
Pelepah Kanan Kota Tinggi, Johor
(Water
Quality Index in the Vicinity of Pelepah KananMine, Kota Tinggi, Johor)
Wan Mohd Razi Idris*, Sahibin Abdul Rahim, Mohd Talib Latif, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Tukimat Lihan,Low Yiak Chong, Azman Hashim & Shahrinizam Mohd Yusuf
Pusat
Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam
Fakulti
Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
Diserahkan:
8 April 2008 / Diterima: 30
Oktober 2008
ABSTRAK
Kajian yang dijalankan
ini bertujuan untuk menilai indeks kualiti air di sekitar kawasan lombong di
Sungai Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Sebanyak enam stesen pensampelan
telah dipilih dari bahagian hulu ke hilir sungai ini untuk menilai indeks
kualiti air di sepanjang sungai tersebut. Tiga
replikasi sampel telah diambil daripada setiap stesen pensampelan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada dua musim yang berbeza iaitu
musim kering (Julai) dan musim hujan (Disember) 2007. Parameter in-situ yang ditentukan dalam
kajian ini ialah suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO) dan konduktiviti. Parameter ex-situ yang dianalisis dalam makmal
ialah turbiditi air, jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS), keperluan oksigen biokimia (BOD), keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) dan ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). Berdasarkan Piawaian Interim
Kualiti Air Kebangsaan Malaysia (INWQS) hasil
kajian yang diperolehi menunjukkan semua stesen pensampelan di Sungai Pelepah
Kanan pada bulan Julai berada dalam kelas I kecuali oksigen terlarut dan pH
berada dalam kelas II. Selain itu, hasil kajian pada
bulan Disember juga menunjukkan semua parameter fiziko-kimia berada dalam kelas
I-II kecuali pH berada dalam kelas III. Ujian korelasi
menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bererti antara parameter-parameter fiziko-kimia
yang di tertentukan. Analisis Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA) menunjukkan nilai purata IKA pada bulan Julai adalah 96.88
(kelas I) manakala pada bulan Disember telah merosot ke 84.03 (kelas II). Berdasarkan kepada nilai IKA dan perbandingan dengan INWQS, indeks kualiti air Sungai Pelepah Kanan adalah berada pada tahapyang
bersih dan kurang mengalami pencemaran yang serius daripada aktiviti
antropogenik mahupun pencemaran secara semula jadi.
Kata kunci: Indeks kualiti air; Kota Tinggi;
lombong
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the water
quality index at the Pelepah Kanan River, Kota Tinggi, Johor.
Six stations were chosen from different part of the river from upstream to
downstream to represent the water quality index along this river. Three
replicates of samples were taken from each station. Samples were collected in
two different seasons namely dry season (July) and rainy season (December)
2007. In-situ physico-chemical measurements included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and
conductivity. Physico-chemical parameters determined in the laboratory were
turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen
(NH3-N). According to the Interim
National Water Quality Standards (INWQS), results showed that
all sampling stations along the Pelepah Kanan River in July fall in Class I-II
for physical and chemical parameters except for dissolved oxygen and pH which
was in Class I-II. The results obtained in December also showed that all
sampling stations fall in Class I for physical and chemical parameters except
for pH which was in Class III. Correlation test showed that some physico- chemical parameters have
significant correlation with each other. Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis showed that
the mean WQI value for the month of
July is 96.88 (Class I) while for December, the WQI value deteriorated to 84.03 (Class II). According to the calculated
values of WQI and comparison with INWQS, the index of water
quality in Pelepah Kanan River is in the clean category and is not affected by
pollution neither anthropogenicactivities nor natural pollution.
Keywords: Kota Tinggi; mine; water quality index
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