Sains Malaysiana 38(5)(2009): 655–664
Land Use and Deforestation
Modelling of River Catchments
in Klang
Valley, Malaysia
(Pemodelan
Guna Tanah dan Nyahutan Kawasan Tadahan di Sekitar Lembah Klang, Malaysia)
Othman Jaafar
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E.,
Malaysia
S.A. Sharifah Mastura*
School of Social, Development
and Environmental Science
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E.,
Malaysia
Alias Mohd Sood
Department of Forest
Production, Faculty of Forestry
University Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang
Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Diserahkan: 23 Oktober 2008 / Diterima:
22 Disember 2008
ABSTRACT
This paper
presents analyses of the land use and land cover change of the Langat-Dengkil
sub-catchment and the deforestation of the Klang-Langat catchment in the
context of water resource availability. The Langat-Dengkil sub-catchment lies
within the upper catchment of Klang-Langat. For both catchments, the landsat TM and ETM satellite
imageries, ERDAS Imagine 8.4 and ArcView/Arc GIS softwares were used to detect spatial and temporal changes in
land use and deforestation between the year 1990 and 2001. For Klang-Langat
deforestation, CLUE model was
used to forecast change up to year 2020 using two set scenarios. Langat-Dengkil
sub-catchments experienced multiple changes of land use and land cover at
varying quantum for the years 1990 and 2001. It was found that forest land and
agriculture were reduced by 9.5% (4,303 ha) and 17.3% (11,598 ha),
respectively. During the same period (1990 to 2001), urbanised land has
increased by nearly six folds (18,860 ha). Land use change matrix has indicated
that the increase of urbanised area was at the expense of agriculture and
forest land. For Klang-Langat catchment, the deforestation for 1989 – 1999 were also serious. About 36,351 ha were deforested including
12,244 ha of Permanent Forest Reserve. Deforestation prone areas are located
within 1000 m from major access, 2000 m from town, confined to altitude less
than 100 m and within slope of less than 5o. Projection for year 2020 has
predicted that if the Permanent Forest Reserve is strictly protected,
deforestation will be reduced to 22,340 ha or 22%. Otherwise, it will be
heavily deforested at 50,851 ha or 50%. Both results showed that the
accelerated land use change and deforestation can only be mitigated through
stringent management of land conversion, and as for the forest, it has to be
through the total protection by law. This can be achieved by strengthening the
Permanent Forest Reserve law and the commitment in adopting sustainable
resource policy.
Keywords:
Deforestation; land use and land cover; land use modelling; river catchment
ABSTRAK
Kertas ini
membentangkan analisis perubahan guna dan litupan tanah sub tadahan
Langat-Dengkil dan nyahutan di kawasan tadahan Klang-Langat dalam kontek
penghasilan sumber air. Sub tadahan Langat-Dengkil terletak di bahagian hulu
tadahan Klang-Langat. Bagi kedua-dua kawasan kajian tersebut, imej satelit
Landsat TM dan ETM, perisian ERDAS Imagine
8.4 dan ArcView/Arc GIS digunakan
untuk mengesan perubahan masa dan ruang guna tanah dan nyahutan antara tahun
1990 dan 2001. Untuk kawasan tadahan Klang-Langat, model CLUE digunakan untuk meramal perubahan hingga tahun 2020 bagi dua
scenario. Sub tadahan Langat-Dengkil mengalami pelbagai perubahan guna dan
litupan tanah pada kadar yang berlainan. Dalam tempoh kajian, didapati tanah hutan dan pertanian telah
berkurangan masing-masing sebanyak 9.5% (4,303 ha) dan 17.3% (11,598 ha). Dalam masa yang sama tanah perbandaran bertambah
hampir enam kali ganda kepada 18,860 ha. Matrik perubahan
guna tanah menunjukkan kebanyakan peningkatan kawasan perbandaran adalah
daripada pertanian dan hutan. Untuk tadahan Klang-Langat, nyahutan
antara tahun 1889 hingga 1999 adalah serius. Kira-kira 36,351
ha telah dinyahutan termasuk 12,244 ha hutan rizab kekal. Kawasan yang
kerap dinyahutan adalah yang terletak dalam lingkungan 1000 m dari jalan raya,
2000 m dari Bandar, altitud kurang daripada 100 m dan cerun kurang daripada 5%.
Unjuran bagi tahun 2020 meramalkan jika hutan rizab kekal diurus rapi, kawasan
yang dinyahhutan akan berkurangan kepada 22,340 ha
atau 22%. Jika tidak nyahhutan akan melibatkan 50,851
ha atau 50%. Kedua-dua keputusan ini menunjukkan perubahan
guna tanah percepat dan nyahutan hanya boleh dimitigasi melalui pengurusan
ketat perubahan status tanah dan perlindungan undang-undang bagi hutan rizab
kekal. Ini boleh dicapai dengan menguatkan lagi
perundangan berkait dengan rizab hutan kekal dan komitmen dalam menerapkan
polisi kelastarian sumber.
Kata kunci: Guna dan litupan
tanah; kawasan tadahan; nyahutan; pemodelan guna tanah
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: sharifah@eoc.ukm.my
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