Sains Malaysiana 39(2)(2010): 333–336

 

Tekanan Intraokular dalam Populasi Klinik: Satu Kajian Retrospektif

(Intraocular Pressure in a Clinical Population: A Retrospective Study)

 

Norhani Mohidin* & Norsuhana Abd Wahab

Jabatan Optometri, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 26 Mei 2009 / Diterima: 28 September 2009

 

ABSTRAK

 

Satu kajian retrospektif telah dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti taburan tekanan intraokular di kalangan pesakit yang datang untuk mendapatkan khidmat nasihat masalah penglihatan di Klinik Optometri Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kampus Kuala Lumpur, dan juga untuk mengenal pasti hubungan intraokular dengan umur, bangsa dan jantina. Kumpulan yang diselidik terdiri daripada 148 orang subjek, yang dibahagikan kepada lima kumpulan yang berumur di antara 10 hingga 59 tahun. Kriteria kemasukan ialah tidak mempunyai penyakit okular atau sistemik, subjek tidak mengambil sebarang ubatan, akuiti visual ialah 6/6 atau lebih baik, ralat refraksi < 6.00D, astigmatisme < 2.00D, anisometropia < 2.00D, dan purata tekanan intraokular diukur dengan menggunakan tonometer X-PERT dan tekanan intraokular diukur pada jam 9 pagi hingga ke 2 petang. Analisis statistik (ANOVA) menunjukkan purata tekanan intraokular tanpa mengira umur, bangsa dan jantina ialah 12.6 mmHg (SP ±2.5). Tidak ada perbezaan bererti didapati antara mata kanan dan mata kiri, antara umur yang berlainan dan di antara jantina yang berbeza. Namun purata tekanan intraokular bagi kaum Cina adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan berbanding kaum Melayu. Tekanan intraokular subjek yang datang ke Klinik Optometri UKM didapati tertabur secara normal dan tiada kaitan di antara tekanan intraokular dengan umur dan jantina. Kelainan bangsa mempunyai pengaruh terhadap tekanan intraocular.

 

Kata kunci: Bangsa; jantina; populasi klinik; tekanan intraokular; umur

 

ABSTRACT

 

A retrospective study was carried out to determine the distribution of intraocular pressure in normal patients who came for vision problems at the Optometry Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, and to determine the differences in intraocular pressure with respect to age, gender and race. The cohort consisted of 148 subjects divided into five groups with age ranged from 10 to 59 years. The inclusion criteria were, subjects had no sistemic or ocular disease, subjects were not taking any medication, visual acuity was 6/6 or better, refractive errors < ±6.00D, astigmatism < 2.00D, anisometropia <2.00D, and mean intraocular pressure measured using the X-PERT tonometer and taken between 9 am to 2 pm. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed the mean intraocular pressure without consideration for age, race or gender was 12.6 mmHg (SD ±2.5). There was no significant differences in intraocular pressure between right and left eyes, between different age groups and between different genders. However, the intraocular pressuse for the Chinese was found to be significantly higher than the Malays. It was found that the intraocular pressure of patients who came for vision problems at the Optometry Clinic UKM follows a normal distribution and there was no significant diference found between right and left eyes, between different age groups and genders. Race seemed to contribute to the differences in intraocular pressure.

 

Keywords: Age; clinic population; genders; pressure; intraocular pressure; race

 

RUJUKAN

 

Armaly, M.F. 1965. On the distribution of applanation pressure. I. Statistics features and the effect of age, sex and family history of glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol 73: 11-8.

Armaly, M.F. 1967. Age and sex correction of applanation pressure. Arch. Ophthalmol. 78: 480-84.

Bonomi, L., Marchini, G., Marraffa, M, Bernardi, P., DeFranco, I., Perfetri, S., Varotto, A. & Tenna, V. 1998. Prevalence of glaucoma and intraocular pressure distribution in a defined population. The Egna-Neumarkt Study. Ophthalmology 105: 209-15.

Dielemans, I., Vingerling, J.R., Wolfs, R.C.W., Hofman A., Grobbee, D.E. & DeJong, P.T.V.M. 1994. The prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in a population based study in Netaherlands. The Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology 101: 1851-55.

Hashemi, H., Kashi, A.H., Fotouhi, A. & Mohammad, K. 2005. Distribution of intraocular pressure in healthy Iranian individuals: The Tehran Study. BMJ 89: 652-57.

Hollows, F.C. & Graham, P.A. 1966. Intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and glaucoma suspects in a defined population. BMJ 50: 570-86

Kahn, H.A., Leibowitz, H.M. & Ganley, J.P. 1977. The Framingham Eye Study.1. Outline and major prevalence findings. Am. J. Epidemiol. 106: 17-32.

Klein, B.E.K. & Klein, R. 1981. Intraocular pressure and cardiovascular risks variables. Arch. Ophthalmol. 99: 837-39.

Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R. & Linton, K.L.P. 1992. Intraocular pressure in an American community. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33(7): 2224-2228.

Lee, J.S., Lee, S.H., Oum, B.S., Chung, J.S., Cho, B.M. & Hong, J.W. 2002. Relationship between intraocular pressure and systemic health parameters in a Korean population. Clin. Expt. Ophthalmol. 30: 237-241.

Leske, M.C., Connell, A.M.S., Wu, S.Y., Hyman, L. & Schachat, A.P. 1997. Distribution of intraocular pressure. Arch. Ophthalmol. 115:1051-1057.

Myers, J.S. 2006. Cornea, intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Clin. & Expt. Ophthalmol. 34: 100-01.

Rotchford, A.P. & Johnson, G.J. 2002. Glaucomas in Zulus: a population based cross-sectional survey in rural district in South Africa. Arch. Ophthalmol. 120: 471-78.

Shiose, Y. 1984. The ageing effect of intraocular pressure in an apparently normal population. Arch. Ophthalmol. 102: 883-887.

Shiose, Y. & Kawase, Y. 1986. A new approach to new stratified normal intraocular pressure in a generic population. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 101: 714-721.

Shiose, Y., Kitazawa, Y., Tsukahara, S. Akammitsu, T., Mizokami, K., Futa, R., Katsushima, H. & Kosaki, H. 1991. Epidemiology of glaucoma in Japan-a nationwide glaucoma survey. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 35: 133-55.

Syam, P.P., Mavrikakis, I. & Liu, C. 2005. Importance of early morning intraocular pressure recording for measurement of diurnal variation on intraocular pressure. BMJ 89: 926-27.

Weih, L.M., Mukesh, B.N., Mc Carty, C.A. & Taylor, H.R. 2001. Association of demographic, familial, medical, and ocular factors with intraocular pressure. Arch. Ophthalmol. 119: 875-80.

Wu, S.Y. & Leske, M.C. 1997. Associations With Intraocular pressure in the Barbados Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 115: 1572-1576.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nmohidin@medic.ukm.my