Sains Malaysiana 39(3)(2010): 505–511
Tahap Pengetahuan Pemakanan dan Kesedaran Kesihatan di Kalangan Pesakit Diabetes Mellitus di Klinik Kesihatan, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(Level of Nutritional Knowledge and
Health Awareness Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Cheras Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Lim Ching Ju, Suzana Shahar*, Hanis Mastura Yahya, Teh Sin Ching, Nor Shazwani Mohd Nor, Lim Hwa Chuo, Mohd Fauzee Mohd Zaki & Dahlia Sallehuddin
Jabatan Pemakanan dan Dietetik, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A. Aziz
50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Norliza Mukhsan
Klinik Kesihatan Cheras KM 6, Jalan Cheras 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
22 Jun 2009 Diterima: 15 September 2009
ABSTRAK
Kawalan glisemik yang kurang memuaskan di kalangan pesakit diabetes mellitus adalah berkait rapat dengan tahap pengetahuan pemakanan yang rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan pemakanan dan kesedaran kesihatan di kalangan pesakit diabetes
mellitus jenis II di Klinik Kesihatan Cheras. Seramai 132 responden (62 orang lelaki dan 70 orang perempuan) dibahagikan kepada dua kategori iaitu dewasa (30 hingga 59 tahun) dan warga emas (60 tahun dan ke atas) telah menyertai kajian ini. Responden ditemu bual menggunakan borang soal selidik untuk memperolehi data demografi, sosioekonomi, tahap pengetahuan pemakanan dan kesedaran kesihatan responden. Pengukuran antropometri juga dilakukan. Responden terdiri daripada 36.4% Melayu, 45.5% Cina dan 18.2% India. Majoriti (93.6%) mempunyai kawalan glisemik yang tidak memuaskan. Secara keseluruhan, 37.1% responden dikategorikan dalam tahap pengetahuan pemakanan kurang memuaskan, diikuti dengan 31. 8 % sederhana dan 31. 1% memuaskan. Responden dewasa menunjukkan skor pengetahuan pemakanan yang lebih tinggi (65.6 + 22.1%) berbanding warga emas (50.5 + 22.9%) (p<0.05). Selain itu, responden yang berpendidikan formal juga menunjukkan min skor pengetahuan pemakanan lebih tinggi (60.7 + 22.5%) berbanding responden yang tidak berpendidikan (26.9 + 12.7%)
(p<0.05). Majoriti responden menjawab ‘salah’ bagi soalan berkenaan makanan yang disaran mengambil banyak (72.0%) dan ‘tidak tahu’
(44.7%) bagi soalan berkenaan kumpulan makanan yang diperlukan untuk memperbaiki tisu tubuh. Responden yang berusaha mendapat maklumat kesihatan, rela menyertai program kesihatan, pernah mendapat nasihat diet dan membeli insurans kesihatan menunjukkan min skor pengetahuan pemakanan yang lebih tinggi (p<0.05). Kesimpulannya, tahap pengetahuan dan kesedaran kesihatan di kalangan responden, terutamanya di kalangan warga tua, adalah kurang memuaskan. Oleh itu, program intervensi dan promosi kesihatan perlu dipertingkat untuk meningkatkan kesedaran kesihatan serta pengetahuan pemakanan pesakit diabetes
mellitus.
Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus; kesedaran kesihatan; klinik kesihatan; pengetahuan pemakanan
ABSTRACT
Poor glycaemic control
among diabetic patient often relates to poor nutrition knowledge. The present
study investigated level of nutrition knowledge and health awareness among
diabetic patients at Cheras Health Clinic. A total of
132 respondents (62 men and 70 women) were divided into two categories, adults
(30 – 69 years old) (50.8%) and elderly (60 years and above) (49.2%) were
involved in this research. An interview based questionnaire was used to collect
data of demographic, socioeconomic, level of nutrition knowledge and health
awareness. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. The respondents
consisted of 36.4% Malays, 45.5% Chinese and 18.2% Indians. Majority of the respondents
had poor glycaemic control (93.6%). Overall, 37.1%
respondents were categorized as having poor nutrition knowledge, followed by
31.8% moderate and only 31.1% good. Adults showed a higher (65.6 + 22.1%)
nutrition knowledge score than elderly (50.5 + 22.9%) (p<0.05). Besides,
respondents with formal education also showed a higher (60.7 + 22.5%) nutrition
knowledge score than those without formal education (26.9 + 12.7%) (p<0.05).
Majority respondents answered ‘incorrectly’ to question regarding foods to be
consumed most (72.0%) and ‘did not know’ foods that were needed to repair body
tissues (44.7%). Respondents who had made an effort in finding nutrition
information, willing to join health program, bought health insurance and had
received dietary advise showed higher nutrition knowledge score (p<0.05). In
conclusion, nutritional knowledge and health awareness among diabetic patients
were poor. Therefore, an intervention program and health promotion are needed
to be carried out to improve health awareness and nutrition knowledge among
patients with diabetis mellitus type II.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; health awareness;
health clinic; nutrition knowledge
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
suzana.shahar@gmail.com