Sains Malaysiana 39(5)(2010): 761–764

Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Malaysian Castor Bean Ricinus communis L. Seed Oil

(Komposisi Asid Lemak dan Sifat Fizikokimia Minyak Biji Jarak Ricinus communis L. Malaysia)

Jumat Salimon*, Dina Azleema Mohd Noor, A. T. Nazrizawati, M. Y. Mohd Firdaus & A. Noraishah

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 14 April 2009 / Diterima: 10 Mac 2010

ABSTRACT

The crude oil of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed was extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane. The physicochemical characteristics of castor bean oil were evaluated. The results showed that Malaysian castor seeds contain a relatively high percentage of total lipids content; 43.3% (per dry weight), high iodine value (84.5 mg/g) and saponification value (182.96 mg/g). The seed oil moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid percentage (% FFA) were 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g and 3.4%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content were 97.5% of the total fatty acids composition. Ricinoleic acid comprises over 84% while other fatty acids present were linoleic (7.3%), oleic (5.5%), palmitic (1.3%), stearic (1.2%) and linolenic (0.5%), respectively. Five types of castor bean seed oil triacylglycerols were identified as triricinolein, RRR (84.1%), diricinoleoylstearoylglycerol, RRS (8.2%), diricinoleoyloleoyl-glycerol, RRO (5.6%), diricinoleoyllinoleoylglycerol, RRL (1.2%) and diricinoleoylpalmitoyl-glycerol, RRP (0.9%), respectively.

Keyword: Physicochemical properties; Ricinus communis L.; ricinoleic acid; triricinolein

ABSTRAK

Minyak mentah biji Ricinus communis L. telah diekstrak menggunakan pelarut heksana melalui kaedah Sokhlet. Sifat-sifat fizikokimia minyak telah dikaji. Minyak biji jarak mempunyai peratusan lemak kasar per berat kering 43.3 % dan nilai iodin yang agak tinggi iaitu 84.5 mg/g serta nilai penyabunan, 182.96 mg/g. Kandungan kelembapan sampel, nilai asid serta peratus asid lemak bebas masing-masing 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g, 3.4%. Komposisi asid lemak minyak jarak yang diekstrak ditentukan menggunakan Kromatografi gas (GC). Daripada keseluruhan asid lemak, peratusan asid risinoleik adalah paling tinggi iaitu 84% manakala asid lemak lain yang hadir adalah linoleik (7.3%), oleik (5.5%), palmitik (1.3%), stearik (1.2%) serta linolenik (0.5%). Kandungan asid lemak taktepu keseluruhan dalam minyak adalah 97.5%. Sekurang-kurangnya lima triasilgliserol berbeza telah dikenalpasti iaitu masing-masing tririsinolein, RRR (84.1%), dirisinoleoilstearoilgliserol, RRS (8.2%), dirisinoleoiloleoilgliserol, RRO (5.6%), dirisinoleoillinoleoilgliserol, RRL (1.2%) dan dirisinoleoilpalmitoilgliserol, RRP (0.9%).

Kata kunci: asid risinoleik; Ricinus communis L.; sifat fizikokimia; tririsinolein

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jumat@ukm.my