Sains Malaysiana 39(6)(2010):
921–926
Insect
Succession Associated with a Hanging Pig Carcass Placed in an Oil Palm
Plantation in Malaysia
(Penyesaran
Serangga Bersekutu dengan Bangkai Khinzir Tergantung di dalam Ladang Kelapa
Sawit di Malaysia)
Heo Chong Chin1, Sallehudin Sulaiman1, Hidayatulfathi Othman1, John Jeffery2, Hiromu Kurahashi3 & Baharudin Omar* 1
1Department of
Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz
50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Department of
Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine
University
of Malaya, 50600 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3International
Department of Dipterology
Hikawadai
1-2-21, Higashikurume City, Tokyo 203-0004, Japan
Diserahkan:
10 Oktober 2009 / Diterima: 12 Mac 2010
ABSTRACT
This
study was carried out in an oil palm plantation in Tanjung Sepat, Selangor in
September 2007 by using pigs (Sus scrofa L.)
as a carcass model in a forensic entomological research. A 2.5 month old pig
(10 kg) which died naturally was hanged on a palm tree to observe the insect
succession and decomposition stages. Observation was made for 16 days; one
afternoon visit per day and all climatological data were recorded. On the first
day, adult muscids of Ophyra spinigera Stein and Musca domestica L.
were observed, however no blowfly (Calliphoridae) activities were sighted. Fly
eggs wer seen on the second day on both sides of the face, inside nostrils and
genitourinary area. Adults of Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius and Chrysomya
rufifacies (Macquart) congregated on the head and anal areas. Adult
flies and maggots (first and second instars) were observed in the mouth and
anus of the pig on the third day of hanging. Adult yellow jackets (Vespidae)
and spiders (Arachnida) were found preying on some adult flies. Rove beetles
(Staphilinidae) were also discovered on the pig carcass. Only a few ants
(Formicidae) were sighted. Maggot masses were found in eye orbits, neck, and
genital organs on the fourth day of hanging and some maggots were seen falling
down to the ground. The dominant maggot species identified on this day was Ch.
megacephala. On the sixth day, the head, neck, and anus were in the stage of
active decay. Maggots of Ch. rufifacies were abundant on the seventh day
and was the dominant species. On day eight the carcass fell onto the ground. Chrysomya
rufifacies maggots were found underneath the pig carcass and they started to
migrate and pupated under the soil. On the tenth day, third instar Op.
spinigera maggots were found under the carcass. The rate of carcass
decomposition slowed down and became stable from tenth day onwards to the
sixteenth day of decomposition. Thereafter, most of the remaining parts of the
body remained dried and devoid of any insects.
Keywords: Chrysomya spp; forensic entomology; hanging pig
carcass; insect succession; oil palm plantation
ABSTRAK
Kajian
ini dilakukan di dalam sebuah ladang kelapa sawit di Tanjung Sepat, Selangor
pada bulan September 2007 dengan menggunakan bangkai khinzir (Sus
scrofa L.) sebagai model haiwan dalam kajian entomologi forensik. Khinzir
berumur 2.5 bulan (10 kg) yang mati semulajadi telah digantung di atas pokok
kelapa sawit untuk memerhatikan penyesaran serangga dan peringkat pereputan.
Pemerhatian dilakukan selama 16 hari dengan satu lawatan setiap hari ke tapak
kajian. Semua data klimatologi telah direkodkan. Pada hari pertama, lalat
dewasa muscid, Ophyra spinigera Stein dan Musca domestica L.
telah diperhatikan pada bangkai khinzir. Aktiviti lalat langau (Calliphoridae)
tidak dapat diperhatikan. Telur lalat mula dijumpai pada hari kedua di
kedua-dua belah pipi, lubang hidung dan kawasan genitourinari bangkai khinzir.
Lalat dewasa Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius dan Chrysomya
rufifacies (Macquart) berkumpul di kepala dan kawasan anus. Pada hari
ketiga, lalat dan larvanya (instar pertama dan kedua) diperhatikan berkumpul di
dalam rongga mulut dan anus. Tebuan belang kuning (Vespidae) dan labah-labah
(Arachnida) diperhatikan sebagai pemangsa kepada lalat dewasa. Kumbang
(Staphilinidae) juga dijumpai pada bangkai khinzir. Hanya segelintir semut
(Formicidae) merangkak di atas bangkai. Longgokan larva mula kelihatan di orbit
mata, leher dan organ genitalia pada hari keempat dan terdapat larva jatuh dari
bangkai ke atas tanah. Spesies larva lalat yang dominan pada peringkat ini
adalah Ch. megacephala. Pada hari keenam, kepala, leher dan organ
genital telah memasuki pringkat pereputan aktif. Larva Ch. rufifacies pula
menjadi larva dominan pada hari ketujuh. Pada hari kelapan, bangkai khinzir
telah jatuh ke atas tanah. Larva Ch. rufifacies dijumpai di bawah
bangkai khinzir dan mula bermigrasi ke bawah tanah untuk proses pembentukan
pupa. Pada hari kesepuluh, larva peringkat ketiga Op. spinigera juga
dijumpai di bawah bangkai. Kadar pereputan bangkai menjadi lambat dan stabil
dari hari kesepuluh sehingga hari ke-16. Kebanyakan tisu menjadi kering dan
tiada serangga diperhatikan lagi selepas itu.
Kata
kunci: Bangkai khinzir tergantung; Chrysomya spp.;
entomologi forensic; ladang kelapa sawit; penyesaran serangga
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: bahar@medic.ukm.my
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