Sains Malaysiana 39(6)(2010): 941–949

Penyaringan Antikanser Ekstrak Etanol daripada Famili Piperaceae Terpilih dan Penentuannya melalui Pewarnaan Tripan Biru

(Anticancer Screening of Ethanol Extract from Selected Piperaceae Family and its Determination via Trypan Blue Staining)

Wan Haifa Haryani Wan Omar¹, Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin*¹, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin², Muhd Fauzi Safian², Sahidan Senafi¹ & Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab³

¹Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³Jabatan Ortodontik, Fakulti Pergigian

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 20 Oktober 2009 / Diterima: 21 Januari 2010

ABSTRAK

Famili Piperaceae pada keseluruhannya terdiri daripada 1,000 hingga 2,000 spesies yang boleh dijumpai di kawasan tropika dan subtropika. Dalam kajian ini, ekstrak etanol digunakan untuk melihat aktiviti sitotoksik ke atas sel kanser hati manusia (HepG2) dan sel bukan kanser hati Chang melalui kaedah pengasaian MTT (3,4 [dimetiltiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-difeniltetrazolium bromida). Sebanyak lapan spesies daripada famili Piperaceae telah terpilih untuk analisis aktiviti antitumor. Hasil kajian mendapati kesemua spesies Piperaceae (P. sarmentosum, P. ramifilum, P. paucistigmum, P. betle, P. macronatum, P. ridleyi, P. magnibaccum dan P. miniatum) menunjukkan aktiviti sitotoksik dengan ekstrak etanol Piper sarmentosum mempunyai nilai bacaan IC50 yang paling rendah ke atas sel HepG2 iaitu 12.5 μg/mL. Tiada aktiviti sitotoksik telah ditunjukkan oleh kesemua ekstrak etanol tumbuhan yang diuji aktiviti sitotoksik ke atas sel Chang kerana nilai bacaan IC50 kesemua ekstrak etanol yang diperlakukan ke atas sel Chang melebihi nilai piawai iaitu 30 μg/mL. Kaedah analisis viabiliti sel menggunakan tripan biru pula mendapati ekstrak etanol P. sarmentosum menurun secara signifikan (p<0.05) terhadap sel HepG2 berbanding kawalan. Kesimpulannya, kaedah MTT menunjukkan kesemua ekstrak etanol famili Piperaceae memberikan aktiviti sitotoksik dan kaedah tripan biru merupakan kaedah alternatif bagi penentuan kesitotoksikan sesuatu ekstrak.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol; HepG2; Piperaceae; sitotoksik

ABSTRACT

The Piperaceae family comprises about 1000 to 2000 of the species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical area. In this study, the ethanol extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and non-malignant Chang’s liver cell lines by using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Ethanol extracts from eight Piperaceae families were selected randomly. Results showed that all eight spesies (P. sarmentosum, P. ramifilum, P. paucistigmum, P. betle, P. macronatum, P. ridleyi, P. magnibaccum and P. miniatum) showed cytotoxicity activity with Piper sarmentosum exhibit higher cytotoxicity activity with the IC50 value at 12.5 μg/mL. On the other hand, there were no cytotoxicity activity of Chang’s cell that could be induced by the ethanol extracts because the IC50 values for non-malignant Chang’s cell were greater than 30 μg/mL. Viability analysis using trypan blue showed that P. sarmentosum ethanol extract produced significant (p<0.05) decreased of HepG2 cells as compared to control (p<0.05). In conclusion, all ethanol extracts selected randomly from Piperaceae family showed cytotoxic using MTT assay. Viability analysis using trypan blue staining demonstrates that this type of analysis can become an alternative approach in determining cytotoxicity activity of cells in the presence of extracts.

Keywords: Cytotoxic; ethanol extract; HepG2; Piperaceae

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hisham@ukm.my