Sains Malaysiana 40(10)(2011): 1153–1163
Determination
of Lead(II), Cadmium(II) and Copper(II) in Waste-Water
and Soil Extracts on Mercury Film Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes Sensor
(Penentuan Plumbum (II), Kadmium (II) dan Kuprum (II) dalam Air-buangan dan
Ekstrak Tanah dengan Sensor Skrin Bercetak Terubah Suai Karbon Filem Raksa)
Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
Nutrition Unit, Cardiovascular
Diabetes and Nutrition Research Centre
Institute for
Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ibtisam E. Tothill
Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield,
Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, England
United Kingdom
Diserahkan: 17 Jun 2010 / Diterima: 21 Oktober 2010
ABSTRACT
A sensor
incorporating a three electrodes configuration have been fabricated using low cost screen-printing technology. These electrodes
couples with Square Wave Stripping Voltammetry (SWSV) has provided a
convenient screening tool for on-site detection of trace levels of Pb(II),
Cd(II) and Cu(II). Modification of the graphite carbon surface based
on in situ deposition of mercury film has been carried out. By appropriate
choice of supporting medium and optimized parameters setting such as amount of
mercury used the deposition potential, deposition time, frequency and scan
rate, well resolved and reproducible response for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) were obtained. The performance
characteristics of the developed mercury film screen printed carbon electrode (MFSPCE) for 120 s
deposition time showed that the linear range for cadmium(II), lead(II) and
copper(II) were 10 to 200 μg L-1.
The detection limit recorded for cadmium (II), lead (II) and copper (II) were
2, 1 and 5 μg L-1 with relative standard
deviation (RSD) of 6.5%, 6.9%
and 7.5%, respectively. Successful applications of the sensing device to
waste-water and extracted soil samples were demonstrated.
Keywords: Mercury film
screen-printed carbon electrode; soil extract; Square Wave Stripping Voltammetry; waste water
ABSTRAK
Suatu sensor yang terdiri daripada tiga konfigurasi elektrod telah difabrikasi menggunakan teknologi cetakan skrin yang berkos rendah. Elektrod-elektrod ini bersama dengan teknik Voltametri Perlucutan Gelombang Empat Segi (SWSV) merupakan peralatan penyaringan mudah untuk pengesanan aras terendahPb(II) Cd(II) dan Cu(II). Pengubahsuaian permukaan karbon grafit berasaskan kepada perlekatan semasa (in-situ) filem merkuri telah dijalankan. Melalui pemilihan media pembantu dan parameter-parameter
yang sesuai seperti jumlah raksa yang digunakan, keupayaan pengendapan, masa perlekatan, frekuensi dan kadar saringan, keputusan dan kebolehhasilan untuk Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) telah diperoleh. Ciri-ciri pencapaian elektrod karbon bercetak skrin filem raksa yang direkabentuk dan dibiarkan selama 120 s untuk masa pengendapan, menunjukkan julat linear untuk Pb(II), Cd(II) dan Cu(II) ialah daripada 10 sehingga 200 μg L-1.
Had pengesanan yang dicatatkan untuk Cd(II), Pb(II) dan Cu(II) ialah 2, 1 dan 5 μg L-1 dengan sisihan piawai relatif (RSD)
6.5%, 6.9% dan 7.5%, masing-masing. Aplikasi sensor ini kepada sampel air buangan dan sampel tanah yang diekstrak telah ditunjukkan.
Kata kunci: Air buangan; ekstrak tanah; elektrod karbon bercetak skrin filem raksa; Voltametri Perlucutan Gelombang Empat Segi
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: fairul@imr.gov.my
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