Sains Malaysiana 40(7)(2011): 749–756

 

Effect of Rice Husk Surface Modification by LENR the on Mechanical

Properties of NR/HDPE Reinforced Rice Husk Composite

(Kesan Rawatan Permukaan Sekam Padi dengan LENR ke Atas Sifat Mekanik

Komposit NR/HDPE diperkuat Sekam Padi)

 

Rahmadini Syafri, Ishak Ahmad & Ibrahim Abdullah*

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 23 Oktober 2009 / Diterima: 20 Ogos 2010

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Surface modification of rice husk (RH) with alkali pre-treatment (NaOH solution 5% w/v) was carried out at the initial state to investigate the effect of surface treatment of fibre on the surface interaction between fibre and rubber. Further modification of RH surfaces after alkali treatment was using Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber (LENR) coating at three concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 20% wt LENR solution in toluene. Interfacial morphology and chemical reactions between RH fibre and rubber were analyzed by FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that 10% wt LENR solution gave the optimum interaction between fibre and rubber. Matrix and composite blends derived from 60% natural rubber (NR), 40% high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with RH fibre were prepared using an internal mixer (Brabender Plasticoder). Result showed that pre-treatment of RH treated with 5% NaOH followed by treatment with 10% LENR solution given the maximum interaction between fibre and matrix that gave rise to better mechanical properties of the composites.

 

Keywords: High density polyethylene; liquid epoxidized natural rubber; mechanical properties; rice husks; sodium hydroxide

 

ABSTRAK

 

Modifikasi permukaan sekam padi (SP) dengan pra-rawatan alkali (larutan NaOH 5% w/v) telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan rawatan permukaan SP ke atas interaksi permukaan antara serabut dan getah. Modifikasi permukaan SP seterusnya adalah dengan penyalutan getah asli terepoksida cecair (LENR) pada tiga kepekatan yang berbeza iaitu 5%, 10% dan 20% w/w LENR dalam larutan toluena. Morfologi antaramuka dan reaksi kimia antara SP dan getah (LENR) dikaji melalui analisis FTIR dan mikroskop elektron imbasan (SEM). Didapati bahawa larutan LENR 10% memberikan interaksi yang optimum antara serabut dan getah (LENR). Adunan matriks dan komposit disediakan daripada 60% getah asli (NR), 40% polietilena berketumpatan tinggi (HDPE) diperkuat dengan pengisi SP di jalankan dengan menggunakan pengadun dalaman (Brabender Plasticoder). Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pra-rawatan SP dengan larutan NaOH 5% diikuti dengan rawatan LENR 10% memberikan interaksi maksimum antara pengisi dan matriks seterusnya meningkatkan sifat mekanik kommposit

 

Kata kunci: Getah asli terepoksida cecair; natrium hidroksida (NaOH); polietilena berketumpatan tinggi; sekam padi; sifat mekanik

 

 

 

 

 

 

RUJUKAN

 

Avella, M., Casale, L., Dellerba, R., Focher, B., Martuscelli, E. & Marzetti, A. 1998. Broom fibres as reinforcing materials for polypropylene-based composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 68: 1077-89.

Bastioli, C. 1987. Biodegradable materials. In. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, 2nd ed. Brody Aaron, L. & Marsh Kenneth, S., (ed.) 77-83. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dahlan, H.M. & Abdul, G.H. 1993. The radiation of expodised NR of low molecular weight with acrylic acid. Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia 11(1): 11-26

George, J., Sreekala, M.S. & Thomas, S. 2001. A review on interface modification and characterization of natural fibre reinforced plastic composites. Polymer Engineering Science 41(9): 1471-1485.

Ibrahim, A. 1996. Process for Manufacturing Liquid Rubber (LNR) Malaysia patent, MY-108852A.

Ismail, H., Nizam, J.M. & Abdul Khalil, H.P.S. 2001. The effect of a compatibilizer on the mechanical properties and mass swell of white rice husk ash led natural rubber/linear low density polyethylene blends. Polymer Testing 20: 125-33.

Mohanty, A.K., Khan, M.A. & Hinrichsen, G. 2000. Surface modification of jute and its influence on performance of biodegradable jute-fabric/Biopol composites. Composite Science and Technology 60: 1115-24.

Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M. & Drzal, L.T. 2005. Natural Fibre, Biopolymer and Biocomposites. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Mwaikambo, L.Y. & Ansell, M.P. 1999. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare, Chemie 272: 108-24.

Ndazi, B.S. 2001. The performance of hydrolyzed tannin-CNSL resin in rice husk particleboards. M.Sc. thesis. University of Dar es Salaam. (Unpublished)

Ndazi, B.S., Karlsson, S., Tesha, J.V. & Nyahumwa, C.W. 2007. Chemical and physical modifications of rice husks for use as composite panels. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Engineering 38: 925-935.

Valadez-Gonzales, A., Cervantes-Uc, J.M., Olayo, R. & Herrera-Franco, P.J. 1999. Effect of fibre surface treatment on the fibre-matrix bond strength of natural fibre reinforced composites. Compos Part B. 39(3): 309-320.

Vasishth, R.C. 1971. Interregional seminar on industrial processing of rice UNIDO document. ID/WG/89/23 Joint UNIDO, FAO ECAFE.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: dia@ukm.my

 

 

 

 

sebelumnya