 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Swelling Behaviors and
Characterization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly (Acrylamide)
Superabsorbent Polymer Composites
(Sifat
Pembengkakan dan Pencirian Komposit Polimer Penyerap Lampau Serabut Tandan
Kosong
Buah Kelapa Sawit Cangkukan Poli (Akrilamida))
Shafinaz Jamaludin
& Shahrir Hashim*
Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and
Natural Resources Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,81310 UTM Skudai, Johor,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 23 Oktober 2009 / Diterima: 5 Oogos 2010
ABSTRACT
The
development on a class of technologically advanced materials like
superabsorbent polymer composites (SAPC) involved
multidisciplinary research started when its potential is recognized. Oil palm
empty fruit bunch-graft-poly (acrylamide) (OPEFB-g-PAAm) SAPC was synthesized via simultaneous crosslinking and graft
copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) monomer onto OPEFB backbone
with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulphate (APS)
acts as crosslinker and initiator, respectively, along with neutralization
using solution polymerization method. Systematically, variables that affect the
swelling behaviors of OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC were
optimized. The effects of initiator, crosslinker and filler concentration as
well as solvent quantity and the degree of neutralization on water absorbency
of OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC were studied. Maximum
absorbency of OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC was achieved at 589.06 g/g
when the amount of APS and MBA were
1.5 wt.% and 0.15 wt.%, respectively, and the OPEFB loading
was at 10 wt.%. The optimum amount of solvent used was 15 mL and the degree of
neutralization was 20%. The chemical structure of the OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy. A mechanism pathway in synthesizing OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC was suggested.
Keywords:
Characterization; oil palm empty fruit bunch; poly (acrylamide); superabsorbent
polymer composites; swelling behavior
ABSTRAK
Pembangunan
bahan termaju seperti polimer komposit penyerap lampau (SAPC)
telah berkembang pesat di dalam pelbagai aktiviti penyelidikan semenjak
kelebihannya diketahui umum. Serabut tandan kosong buah kelapa
sawit-cantum-poli (akrilamida) (OPEFB-g-PAAm) SAPC telah
disintesis melalui proses pemautsilangan dan pengkopolimeran cantum monomer
akrilamida (AAm) ke atas tulang belakang OPEFB dengan menggunakan N
,N’-metilenabisakrilamida (MBA) dan ammonium persulfat (APS)
yang masing-masing berfungsi sebagai pemautsilang dan pemula, bersama-sama
peneutralan dengan menggunakan kaedah pempolimeran larutan. Pembolehubah
seperti kuantiti pemautsilang, pemula, pengisi, pelarut dan darjah peneutralan
yang mempengaruhi sifat pembengkakan OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC telah
diperhatikan dan dioptimumkan secara sistematik. Penyerapan maksimum OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC adalah 589.06 g/g apabila kuantiti APS, MBA dan OPEFB adalah masing-masing pada 1.5 wt.%, 0.15 wt.% dan 10 wt.%.
Manakala, jumlah pelarut dan darjah peneutralan yang telah digunakan adalah 15
mL dan 20%. Struktur kimia OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC telah
dicirikan dengan menggunakan spektroskopi jelmaan Fourier infra-merah (FTIR)
dan mekanisme dalam mensintesis OPEFB-g-PAAm SAPC telah
dicadangkan.
Kata kunci: Serabut tandan
kosong buah kelapa sawit; pencirian; poli (akrilamida); polimer komposit
penyerap lampau; sifat pembengkakan
RUJUKAN
Gao, J., Wang, A., Li,
Y., Fu, Y., Wu, J., Wang. Y. & Wang, Y. 2008. Synthesis and
characterization of superabsorbent composite by using glow discharge
electrolysis plasma. Reactive and Functional Polymers 68: 1377-1383
Ibrahim, N.A.,
Abu-Ilaiwi, F., Rahman, M.Z.A., Ahmad, M.B., Dahlan, K.Z.M. & Wan Yunus,
W.M.Z. 2005. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto oil palm empty fruit
bunch (OPEFB) fibre. Journal of Polymer Research 12: 173-179
Ibrahim, N.A., Wan
Yunus, W.M.Z., Abu-Ilaiwi, F.A.F., Rahman, M.Z.A., Ahmad, M.B. & Dahlan,
K.Z.M. 2003a. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto oil palm empty
fruit bunch fibre using H2O2/Fe2+ as an initiator. Journal of Applied
Polymer Science 89: 2233-2238
Ibrahim, N.A., Wan
Yunus, W.M.Z., Abu-Ilaiwi, F.A.F., Rahman, M. Z. A., Ahmad, M.B. & Dahlan,
K.Z.M. 2003b. Optimized condition for grafting reaction of poly (butyl
acrylate) onto oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre. Polymer International 52:
1119-1124
Li, A., Liu, R. &
Wang, A. 2005. Preparation of starch-graft-poly (acrylamide)/attapulgite
superabsorbent composite. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 98:
1351-1357
Li, A., Zhang, J. &
Wang, A. 2007. Utilization of starch and clay for the preparation of
superabsorbent composite. Bioresource Technology 98: 327-332
Li, W., Wang, J., Zou,
L. & Zhu, S. 2008. Synthesis and characterization of potassium
humate-acrylic acid-acrylamide hydrogel. Journal of Polymer Research 15:
435-445
Marandi, G.B.,
Esfandiari, K., Biranvand, F., Babapour, M., Sadeh, S. & Mahdavinia, G.R.
2008. pH sensitivity and swelling behavior of partially hydrolyzed
formaldehyde-crosslinked poly (acrylamide) superabsorbent hydrogels. Journal
of Applied Polymer Science 109: 1083-1092
Singha, A.S., Anjali
Shama, & Vijay Kumar Thakur. 2008. Pressure induced graft-co-polymerization
of acrylonitrile onto Saccharum cilliare fibre and evaluation of some
properties of grafted fibre. Bulletin of Materials Science 31(1): 7-13
Wu, J., Wei, Y., Lin,
J. & Lin, S. 2003. Study on starch-graft-acrylamide/mineral powder
superabsorbent composite. Polymer 44: 6513-6520
Xie, Y. & Wang, A.
2008. Study on superabsorbent composite XIX. Synthesis, characterization and
performance of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite superabsorbent
composites. Journal Polymer Resource 16(2): 143-150.
Yu, C., Liu, Y.F., Tan,
H.M. & Jiang, J.X. 2009. Synthesis and characterization of a novel
superabsorbent polymer of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan graft copolymerized
with vinyl momoners. Carbohydrate Polymers 75: 287-292
Zhang, J., Li, A. &
Wang, A. 2006. Superabsorbent composite. X. Effects of saponification on
properties of polyacrylamide/attapulgite. Polymer Engineering and Science 46:
1762-1767
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
shahrir@fkkksa.utm.my
|
|||
|
