Sains Malaysiana 40(8)(2011): 879–885

Penentuan Aktiviti Antimikrob Herba Kacangma Leonurus sibiricus

(Determination of Antimicrobial Activities of Kacangma Herb Leonurus sibiricus)

Chua Hun Pin*

Pusat Penyelidikan Teknologi Makanan, Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia

Stesen MARDI Kuching, Lot 411, Blok 14, Petra Jaya, 93055 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Aminah Abdullah

Program Sains Makanan, Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E.Malaysia

Diserahkan: 23 Mac 2010 / Diterima: 14 Disember 2010

ABSTRAK

Kajian keberkesanan sifat antimikrob ekstrak kacangma dijalankan menggunakan ujian resapan cakera dan ujian perencatan langsung. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak etanol dengan kepekatan 50 dan 100 mg/mL merencat Staphylococcus aureus. Bagi ekstrak air, kepekatan 10, 25, 50 dan 100 mg/mL merencat Aspergillus niger, 25, 50 dan 100 mg/mL dapat merencat Saccharomyces cerevisae dan kepekatan 100 mg/mL dapat merencat Staphylococcus aureus. Perlakuan suhu yang berbeza ke atas ekstrak dalam ujian perencatan langsung tidak menunjukkan sebarang perbezaan ke atas perencatan mikroorganisma yang dikaji.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antimikrob; Leonurus sibiricus; ujian perencatan langsung; ujian resapan cakera

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of kacangma extract was carried out using disc diffusion test and direct inhibition test. Result showed that ethanol extracts at concentration of 50 and 100 mg/mL inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. Water extracts at concentration 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL inhibited Aspergillus niger, 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL inhibited Saccharomyces cerevisae and at concentration 100 mg/mL inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. Heat treatments during direct inhibition test with incorporation of extracts did not show any differences of inhibitory effects against all microorganisms tested.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; direct inhibition test; disc diffusion test; Leonurus sibiricus

RUJUKAN

Ahmed, F., Islam, M.A. & Mustafizur Rahman, M. 2006. Antibacterial activity of Leonurus sibiricus aerial parts. Fitoterapia 77(4): 316-317.

Ali, S.M., Khan, A.A., Ahmed, I., Musaddiq, M., Ahmed, K.S., Polasa, H., Rao, L.V., Habibullah, C.M., Sechi, L.A. & Ahmed, N. 2005. Antimicrobial activities of Eugenol and Cinnamaldehyde against the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 4: 20.

Alzoreky, N.S. & Nakahara, K. 2003. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. International Journal of Food Microbiology 80(3): 223-230.

Anon. 2008. Akta Makanan dan Peraturan-Peraturan. Kuala Lumpur: MDC Publishers Sdn Bhd.

Black, J.G. 2002. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. Ed. ke-5. New York: Prentice Hall.

Chan, L.W., Cheah, L.C.E., Saw, L.L.C. Weng, W.Y. & Heng, W.S.P. 2008. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and some other medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia. Chinese Medicine 3: 15.

de Souza, G.C., Haas, A.P.S., von Poser, G.L., Schapoval, E.E.S. & Elisabetsky, E. 2004. Ethnopharmacological studies of antimicrobial remedies in the south of Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90(1): 135-143.

Duke, J.A. 2000. Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases. Phytochemical database, USDA-ARS-NGRL, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/ taxon.pl?407779 [17 Feb 2004].

Erdman, J.W., Balentine, D., Arab, L., Beecher, G., Dwyer, J.T., Folts, J., Harnly, J., Hollman, P., Keen, C.L., Mazza, G., Messina, M., Scalbert, A., Vita, J., Williamson, G. & Burrowes, J. 2007. Flavonoids and Heart Health. Proceeding of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31-June 1, 2005, Washington, DC. The Journal of Nutrition 137: 718S-737S.

Fasihuddin, A. & Hasmah, R. 1993. Kimia Hasilan Semula Jadi dan Tumbuhan Ubatan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Girish, H.V. & Satish, S. 2008. Antibacterial activity of important medicinal plants on human pathogenic bacteria- A comparative analysis. World Applied Sciences Journal 5(3): 267-271.

Heinrich, M. Kuhnt, M., Wright, C.W., Rimpler, H. Philipson, J.D., Schandelmaier, A. & Warhurst, D.C. 1992. Parasitological and microbiological evaluation of mixed Indian medicinal plants (Mexico). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(1): 81-85.

Huang, S.S., Liao J.P. & Tang, Y.J. 2005. Advances in the studies of glandular hairs and secretion in Labiatae plants. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 13(5): 452-456.

Joshi, V.K. & John, S. 2002. Antimicrobial activity of apple wine against some pathogenic and microbes of public health and significance. Alimentaria 338: 67-72.

Kyle, J.A.M. & Duthie, G.G. 2006. Flavonoids in food. Dlm. Andersen, M. & Markham, K.R. Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications, hlm. 219-262. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Mitscher, L.A., Leu, R.P., Bathala, M.S., Wu, W. & Beal, J.L. 1972. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. I. Introduction, rationale, and methodology. Lloydia 35: 157-166.

Nascimento, G.G.F., Locatelli, J., Freitas, P.C. & Silva, G.L. 2000. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 31(4): 247-256.

NCCLS. 1997a. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Test. Ed. ke-6. Approved Standard. M2-

A6. Mayne: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

NCCLS. 1997b. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically. Ed. ke-6. Approved Standard. M7-A5. Mayne: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Satndards.

Prasad, R.N., Viswanathan, S., Devi, J.R., Nayak, V., Swetha, V.C., Archana, B.R., Parathasarathy, N. & Rajkumar, J. 2008. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Samanea saman. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2(10): 268-270.

Rukayah, A. 2006. Tumbuhan Liar Berkhasiat Ubatan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

SAS. 1994. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics Version 5. Cary, NC.: SAS Institute Inc.

Seidel, V. 2005. Initial and bulk extraction. Dlm. Sarker, S.D., Latif, Z., Gray, A.I. (pnyt.). Natural Products Isolation. Ed. ke-2. Methods of Biotechnology Series. No. 20, hlm. 323-351. Totowa: Humana Press.

Su, Z.W. & Qiao C.Z. 1989. Pharmacognosy, Shanghai: Shanghai Medical University Press.

Thomas, F.O. & John, M.S. 2006. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Dlm. Amabile-Cuevas, C.F. (pnyt.). Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. New York: Taylor & Francis Inc.

Topcu, G. & Goren, A.C. 2007. Biological activity of diterpenoids isolated from Anatolian Lamiaceae plants. Records of Natural Products 1(1): 1-16.

Traub, W.H. & Leonhard, B. 1995. Heat stability of the antimicrobial activity of sixty-two antibacterial agents. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 35(1): 149-154.

Wadt, N.S.Y., Ohara, M.T., Sakuda-Kaneko, T.M. & Bacchi, E.M. 1996. Antimicrobial activity of Leonurus sibiricus L. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 5(2): 167-174.

Wang, J.M. 1985. Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, hlm. 14, 82-83. Shanghai: Shanghai Science & Technology Publisher.

Wan Norhanizan, W.J. 2005. Kesan Pemprosesan ke atas Ciri-Ciri Antimikrob Herba Kacangma (Leonurus sibiricus), Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon tamineus) dan Halia (Zingiber officinale). Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Sains, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Woo, W.S., Lee, E.B. & Han B.H. 1979. Biological evaluation of Korean medicinal plants III. Archives of Pharmacology Research 2: 127-131.

Zhu, Y.P. 1998. Chinese Materia Medica: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Applications. Australia: Harwood Academic.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hpchua@mardi.gov.my