Sains Malaysiana 40(9)(2011): 1037–1041

Physico-Chemical Properties of the Oils and Fat from Crotalaria cleomifoliaSeeds

(Sifat-sifat Fiziko-Kimia Minyak dan Lemak daripada Biji Crotalaria cleomifolia)

Noor Wini Mazlan* & Ikram M. Said

School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Diterima: 16 Jun 2010 / Diserahkan: 4 Januari 2011

ABSTRACT

The seeds of C. cleomifolia (locally known as kacang hantu) collected along Simpang Pulai - Berinchang Road, Cameron Highlands, was defatted with hexane and the resulting oil was analysed for their physico-chemical properties. The percentage yield of the oil was calculated as 5.3%. The acid value (1.2%), iodine value (85), peroxide value (0.6), saponification value (192.0) and unsaponifiable matter (2.3%) were determined to assess the quality of the oil. The physico-chemical characterisation showed that C. cleomifolia seeds oil is unsaturated semi-drying oil, with high saponification and acidic values. The fatty acid composition of C. cleomifolia seed oil was determined by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (ToF). The seed oil of C. cleomifolia contained linoleic acid (57.59%) and palmitic acid (5.07%), the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. The polyunsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) in C. cleomifolia seed oil determined by reverse phase High performance Liquid Chromatography; contained as PLL (18.04%) followed by POL + SLL (11.92%), OOL (7.04%) and PLLn (6.31%). The melting and cooling point of the oil were 16.22°C and -33.54°C, respectively.

Keywords: Crotalaria cleomifolia; Leguminosae; minyak lemak

ABSTRAK

Biji C. cleomifolia (dikenali dengan nama tempatan sebagai kacang hantu) diambil di Jalan Simpang Pulai-Berinchang, Cameron Highlands, dinyah lemak dengan pelarut heksana dan hasil minyak lemak tersebut dianalisis sifat fiziko-kimia. Peratus minyak lemak yang diperoleh ialah 5.3%. Nilai asid (1.2%), nilai iodin (85), nilai peroksida (0.6), nilai penyabunan (192.0) dan nilai bahan tak tersabun (2.3%) telah ditentukan untuk menilai kualiti minyak biji C. cleomifolia. Sifat fiziko-kimia minyak ini menunjukkan minyak ini adalah jenis minyak taktepu ‘semi-drying’ dengan nilai asid dan nilai penyabunan yang tinggi. Komposisi asid lemak minyak biji C. cleomifoliaditentukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas dan kromatografi gas spektroskopi jisim (ToF). Minyak biji C. cleomifoliamengandungi asid linoleik (57.59%) dan asid palmitik (5.07%) yang merupakan asid major lemak taktepu dan tepu. Triasilgliserol (TAG) politaktepu minyak biji C. cleomifolia ditentukan oleh Kromatografi Cecair Prestasi Tinggi (HPLC) fasa balikan. Puncak major politaktepu TAG dalam minyak biji C. Cleomifoliaialah PLL (18.04%) diikuti oleh POL + SLL (11.92%), OOL (7.04%) dan PLLn (6.31%). Manakala takat peleburan dan penghabluran minyak adalah pada 16.22°C dan -33.54°C.

Kata kunci: Asid lemak; Crotalaria cleomifolia; Leguminosae

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: norwini@gmail.com