Sains Malaysiana 41(3)(2012): 379-385

Sejarah Jatuh dan Hubungannya dengan Status Pemakanan di Kalangan Pesakit Warga Tua

(History of Falls and its Relationship with Nutritional Status Among Elderly Patients)

Suzana Shahar* & Cheng Shi Hui

Jabatan Pemakanan dan Dietetik, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Lee Fatt Soon

Unit Geriatik, Jabatan Perubatan Hospital Kuala Lumpur

50586 Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Ayiesah Ramli

Jabatan Fisioterapi, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan bersekutu

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 6 Januari 2011 / Diterima: 19 September 2011

ABSTRAK

Risiko jatuh yang meningkat mengakibatkan kecederaan dan ketidakfungsian di kalangan warga tua. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prevalens jatuh dan hubungannya dengan status pemakanan di kalangan 143 pesakit warga tua dari wad perubatan dan klinik pesakit luar di Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Pengukuran antropometri diambil dan status kesihatan tulang dinilai dengan ultrabunyi kuantitatif (QUS). Sejarah jatuh, status fungsian dan pengambilan makanan berdasarkan sejarah diet turut dicerap dengan menggunakan borang soal-selidik melalui temuduga bersemuka dengan subjek. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0 dan Foodworks. Prevalens jatuh (pernah jatuh sekurangkurangnya sekali sepanjang setahun yang lepas) dalam kajian ini adalah 32.9%. Prevalens jatuh bagi subjek perempuan (40.2%) adalah lebih tinggi berbanding lelaki (17.4%)(p<0.01). Subjek perempuan dengan pengambilan kalsium kurang daripada 300 mg/h (adjusted OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.02-9.25) dan protein tidak mencapai 1 g/kg berat badan (adjusted OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 0.98-13.84) meningkatkan risiko jatuh. Secara keseluruhan, satu pertiga daripada subjek kajian pernah jatuh, terutamanya di kalangan wanita. Program intervensi pemakanan dan kesihatan harus dilakukan ke atas pesakit warga tua yang mempunyai pengambilan kalsium kurang daripada 300 mg/hari dan pengambilan protein kurang daripada 1 g/kg berat badan bagi mengurangkan risiko jatuh dan komorbiditi akibat jatuh.

Kata kunci: Jatuh; pesakit warga tua; status pemakanan

ABSTRACT

Rising risk of falls has been associated with injury and dysfunction among the elderly. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of falls and association with nutritional status among 143 elderly patients from medical ward and clinic in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Anthropometric indicators and bone health status using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) were also assessed. History of falls, functional status and dietary intake based on dietary history was assessed through questionnaire which was administered by face-to-face interview with the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0 and Food works. The past-year prevalence of falls (falls at least once in the previous 12 months) in this study was 32.9%. The past year prevalence of falls in women (40.2%) was higher than in men (17.4%) (p<0.01). Women who had calcium intake less than 300 mg/d (adjusted OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.02-9.24) and protein intake < 1 g/kg body weight (adjusted OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 0.98-13.84) were more likely to have a higher risk of falls. In conclusion, one third of the subjects, especially women in this study had a history of falls. Elderly people should be assessed for calcium and protein intake and those with calcium intake less than 300 mg/day and protein intake less than 1 g/kg body weight should be given intervention to reduce falls risk factor and subsequent fall-related co-morbidity.

Keywords: Elderly patients; falls; nutritional status

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: suzana.shahar@gmail.com