 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Conditions- and Form-Factor of the Five
Threatened Fishes from the Jamuna
(Brahmaputra River Distributary) River,
Northern Bangladesh
(Keadaan
dan Faktor-Bentuk bagi Lima Spesies Ikan Terancam dari Sungai Jamuna
(Distributari
bagi Sungai Brahmaputra), Bahagian Utara Bangladesh)
Md. Yeamin Hossain*
& Jun Ohtomi
Faculty of Fisheries,
Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Md. Mosaddequr Rahman
& Md. Abu Sayed Jewel
Department of Fisheries,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Zoarder Faruque Ahmed
Department of Fisheries
Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University
Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Ferdous Ahamed &
Bernerd Fulanda
The United Graduate
School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24,
Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Elgorban M. Abdullah
Center for Excellence of
Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Diserahkan: 9 September
2011/Diterima: 20 Januari 2012
ABSTRACT
The small indigenous species namely Ailiichthys punctata (Day 1871), Botia lohachata (Chaudhuri 1912), Chanda nama (Hamilton 1822), Laubuca laubuca (Hamilton 1822) and Mystus cavasius (Hamilton 1822) comprise
an important component of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. But the natural
populations are decreasing fast due to high fishing pressure as well as
environmental degradation. Therefore, data and information is needed to avert
the alarming decline and initiate conservation measures for these important
fishes of the Jamuna River. This study describes the condition- (Fulton’s and
Relative weight) and form-factor (a3.0) of the
five threatened fishes from the Jamuna River, a distributary of the Brahmaputra
River in northern Bangladesh. A total of 919 specimens from five species in
five families used for this study were caught by traditional fishing gear
during March 2010 through February 2011. For each individual, the total (TL), fork (FL) and
standard (SL) length were measured
by digital slide calipers while individual body weight (BW) was
measured using a digital balance. The Fulton’s condition factor (KF) showed
significant variations (p<0.01) among species, with best performance by B. lohachata (1.49±0.20) followed by C. nama(1.41±0.19), M. cavasius (0.79±0.14), L. laubuca (0.78±0.09) and A. punctata (0.71±0.12). The
calculated minimum and maximum relative weight (WR) was
53.14 for C. nama and
167.88 for A. punctata,
respectively. However, the estimated relative weight (WR) was
close to 100 for all populations (p>0.05) indicating a balanced habitat with
food availability relative to the presence of predators. The calculated minimum
and maximum form factor (a3.0) was 0.0062 for A. punctata and 0.0158 for B. lohachata, respectively. To the
best of our knowledge, this study presents the first reference on KF, WR and a3.0 factors
for these threatened species in Bangladesh. The results would be useful for
sustainable management and conservation of the limited stocks in the
Brahmaputra River ecosystem.
Keywords: Bangladesh; condition factor;
form factor; Jamuna River; threatened species
ABSTRAK
Ailiichthys punctata (Day1871), Botia lohachata (Chaudhuri 1912), Chanda nama(Hamilton
1822), Laubuca laubuca (Hamilton
1822) dan Mystus cavasius (Hamilton
1822) merupakan spesies asli ikan kecil yang penting di Bangladesh. Namun, populasi semula jadi ikan-ikan ini semakin berkurang akibat
daripada aktiviti penangkapan dan kemerosotan persekitaran. Oleh itu, data dan maklumat diperlukan untuk menghalang kemerosotan
dan membolehkan inisiatif langkah-langkah pemuliharaan ikan-ikan ini di Sungai
Jamuna. Kajian ini memperihalkan keaadan – (berat Fulton’s dan
relatif) dan faktor-bentuk (a3.0) lima spesies ikan terancam daripada Sungai Jamuna, sebuah
distributari daripada Sungai Brahmaputra di bahagian utara Bangladesh. Sejumlah
919 spesimen daripada lima spesies tergolong dalam
lima famili yang digunakan dalam kajian ini telah ditangkap dengan menggunakan
alat penangkapan trandisi dari bulan Mac 2010 hingga Februari 2011. Bagi setiap
individu, jumlah (TL), cabangan (FL) dan
piawai (SL) kepanjangan telah diukur menggunakan slaid
angkup digital, dan berat badan (BW) setiap
individu diukur menggunakan penimbang digital. Faktor keadaan Fulton’s (KF)
menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan (p<0.01) antara spesies, dengan prestasi
terbaik pada B. lohachata (1.49 ±
0.20) diikuti oleh C. nama (1.41 ±
0.19), M. cavasius (0.79 ± 0.14), L. laubuca (0.78 ± 0.09) dan A. punctata (0.71 ± 0.12). Berat
relatif (WR) kiraan minimum dan
maksimum adalah 53.14 bagi C. nama dan 167.88 bagi A. punctata masing-masing. Namun, berat relatif (WR)
jangkaan mendekati 100 bagi semua populasi (p>0.05). Ini menunjukkan keseimbangan habitat dengan pemperolehan makanan
relatif kepada kehadiran pemangsa. Faktor bentuk (a3.0)
kiraan minimum dan maksimum adalah 0.0062 bagi A. punctata dan 0.0158 bagi B.
lohachata masing-masing. Kajian ini merupakan kajian
pertama untuk KF, WR dan
a3.0 ke atas spesies ikan terancam tersebut di Bangladesh. Hasil kajian ini berguna bagi pengurusan mampan dan pemuliharaan
stok terhad di dalam ekosistem Sungai Brahmaputra.
Kata
kunci: Bangladesh; faktor bentuk; faktor keadaan; spesies terancam; Sungai
Jamuna
RUJUKAN
Anderson, R.O. & Neumann, R.M. 1996.
Length, weight and associated structure indices. In edited by Murphy B.R. &
W.Willis, D. 447-482 MD. Fisheries Techniques (2nd
Ed). Society, Bethesda, American Fisheries.
Best, J.L., Ashworth,
P.J. Sarker, M.H. & Roden, J. 2007. The Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, Bangladesh. Large
Rivers: Geomorphology and Management. Chichester: Wiley & Sons Ltd. Pp.
395-430.
Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition
factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and
recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 241-253.
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2011.
FishBase 2011. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available at: http://www.fishbase.org (accessed on 22 February 20011).
Fulton, T.W. 1904. The
rate of growth of fishes. Twenty-second Annual Report, Part III. Fisheries Board of Scotland, Edinburgh, pp. 141-241.
Gupta, B.K., Sarkar, U.K., Bhardwaj, S.K.
& Pal, A. 2011. Condition factor, length-weight and length-length
relationships of an endangered fish Ompok pabda (Hamilton 1822) (Siluriformes:
Siluridae) from the River Gomti, a tributary of the River Ganga, India. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 27(3): 962-964.
Hossain, M.Y. 2010a. Length-weight,
length-length relationships and condition factor of three Schibid catfishes
from the Padma River, Northwestern Bangladesh. Asian Fisheries
Science 23(1): 329-339.
Hossain, M.Y. 2010b. Morphometric
relationships of length-weight and length-length of four Cyprinid small
indigenous fish species from the Padma River (NW Bangladesh). Turkish
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10(1): 213-216.
Hossain M.Y. 2010c. New Maximum Size
Record for the Goonch Bagarius yarrelli (Sykes 1839) (Siluriformes:
Sisoridae) from the Ganges River. Sains Malaysiana 39(2): 157-159.
Hossain, M.Y. & Ahmed, Z.F. 2008.
Some biological aspects of the river sprat Corica soborna (Pisces:
Clupeidae) in the Mathabhanga River (SWBangladesh). Fish Biology Congress
Abstracts, Portland, Oregon, USA. pp. 1-114
(http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/congress/2008/abstracts.pdf).
Hossain, M.Y., Ahmed,
Z.F., Islam, A.B.M.S., Jasmine, S. & Ohtomi, J. 2010. Gonadosomatic
index-based size at first sexual maturity and fecundity indices of the Indian
River shad Gudusia chapra (Clupeidae) in the Ganges River (NWBangladesh). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26(4): 550-553.
Hossain, M.Y, Ahmed,
Z.F., Al-Kady, M.A.H., Ibrahim, A.H.M., Ohtomi, J. & Fulanda, B. 2008a. Threatened Fishes of the World: Wallago attu(Bloch, M.E. & Schneider, J.G. 1801)
(Siluriformes: Bagridae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 82(3):
277-278.
Hossain, M.Y., Ahmed,
Z.F., Leunda, P.M., Islam, A.K.M. R., Jasmine, S., Oscoz, J., Miranda, R. &
Ohtomi, J. 2006a. Length-weight and length-length relationships of some small indigenous fish
species from the Mathabhanga River, southwestern Bangladesh. Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 301-303.
Hossain, M.Y., Ahmed,
Z.F., Leunda, P.M., Jasmine, S., Oscoz, J., Miranda, R. & Ohtomi, J. 2006b. Condition, length-weight and
length-length relationships of the Asian striped catfish Mystus vittatus (Bloch,
1794) (Siluriformes: Bagridae) in the Mathabhanga River, southwestern
Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 304-307.
Hossain, M.Y., Jasmine,
S., Ibrahim, A.H.M., Ahmed, Z.F., Rahman, M.M. & Ohtomi, J. 2009c. Length-weight and
length-length relationships of 10 small fish species from the Ganges,
Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25(1): 117-119.
Hossain, M.Y., Leunda, P.M., Ohtomi, J.,
Ahmed, Z.F., Oscoz, J. & Miranda, R. 2008b. Biological
aspects of the Ganges River sprat Corica soborna (Clupeidae) in the
Mathabhanga River (SWBangladesh). Cybium 32(3): 241-246.
Hossain, M.Y. &
Ohtomi, J. 2010.Growth of the southern rough shrimp Trachysalambria
curvirostris (Penaeidae) in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan. Journal of Crustacean Biology 30(1):
75-82.
Hossain, M.Y., Ohtomi,
J. & Ahmed, Z.F. 2009b. Morphometric, meristic characteristics and conservation of
the threatened fish, Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822) (Cyprinidae) in the
Ganges River, northwestern Bangladesh. Turkish Journal of Fisheries
and Aquatic Sciences 9(2): 223-225.
Hossain, M.Y., Ohtomi, J., Ahmed, Z.F.,
Ibrahim A.H.M. & Jasmine, S. 2009d. Length-weight and morphometric
relationships of the tank goby Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
(Perciformes: Gobiidae) in the Ganges of the northwestern Bangladesh. Asian
Fisheries Science 22(3): 961-969.
Hossain, M.Y., Rahman,
M.M. & Mollah, M.F.A. 2009a. Threatened fishes of the world: Pangasius pangasius Hamilton-Buchanan,
1822 (Pangasiidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 84(3): 315-316.
Hossain, M.Y., Rahman, M.M., Fulanda, B.,
Jewel, M.A.S., Ahamed F. & Ohtomi, J. 2012. Length-weight
and length-length relationships of the five threatened fishes from the Jamuna
(Brahmaputra River distributary) River, northern Bangladesh. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology:28(2):275-277.
IUCN Bangladesh. 2000. Red Book of
Threatened Fishes of Bangladesh. In: Mahmud-ul-Ameen, Md. Anwarul Islam and
Ainun Nishat (eds) The World Conservation Union, xi, pp. 1-116.
Le Cren, E.D. 1951. The
length-weight relationships and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in
the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20(2):
201-219.
Mijkherjee, M., Praharaj, A. & Das,
S. 2002. Conservation of endangered fish stocks through artificial propagation
and larval rearing technique in West Bengal, India. Aquaculture Asia 2:
8-11.
Muchlisin, Z.A., Musman, M. & Azizah,
M.N.S. 2010. Length-weight relationships and condition factors of two
threatened fishes, Rasbora tawarensis and Poropuntius tawarensis,
endemic to Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 26(6): 949-953.
Muralidharan,
M., Arunachalam, M. & Raja, M. 2011. Length-weight
relationships for fish species from Cauvery River at Hogenakal in South India. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27(3): 968-969.
Naeem,
M., Salam, A., Gillani, Q. & Ishtiaq, A. 2010. Length-weight relationships of Notopterus notopterus and
introduced Oreochromis niloticus from the Indus River, southern Punjab,
Pakistan. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26(4): 620.
Naeem,
M., Salam, A. & Ishtiaq, A. 2011. Length-weight
relationships of wild and farmed Tor putitora from Pakistan. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 27(4): 1133-1134.
Patiyal,
R.S., Sharma, R.C., Punia, P., Goswami, M. & Lakra, W.S. 2010. Length-weight relationship of Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822)
from the Ladhiya River, Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 26(3): 472-473.
Richter,
T.J. 2007. Development and evaluation of standard weight equations for bridge-lip
suckers and large-scale suckers. North American Journal of Fisheries
Management 27(3): 936-939.
Rypel,
A.L. & Richter, T.J. 2008. Empirical percentile standard
weight equation for the blacktail redhorse. North American Journal of
Fisheries Management 28(6): 1843-1846.
Sani,
R., Gupta, B.K., Sarkar, U.K., Pandey, A., Dubey, V.K. & Lakra, S.W. 2010. Length-weight relationships of 14 Indian freshwater fish species
from the Betwa (Yamuna River tributary) and Gomti (Ganga River tributary)
rivers. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26(3): 456-459.
Sarkar,
U.K., Deepak, P.K. & Negi, R.S. 2009b. Length-weight
relationship of clown knifefish Chitala chitala (Hamilton 1822) from the
River Ganga basin, India. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25(2):
232-233.
Tesch,
F.W. 1968. Age and growth. In: Methods for
Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters. W. E. Ricker (Ed.). Oxford: Blackwell
Scientific Publications, pp. 93-123.
Treer,
T., Piria, M. & Šprem, N. 2009. The relationship
between condition and form factors of freshwater fishes of Croatia. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 25(5): 608-610.
Yousaf,
M., Salam, A. & Naeem, M. 2009. Length-weight
relationships of Wallago attuand Sperata
sarwari from the Indus River, southern Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 25(5): 614-615.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yeamin2222@yahoo.com
|
|||
|
