Sains
Malaysiana 41(8)(2012): 1011–1016
Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Nanocrystalline
TiO2
(Sel Suria Terpeka
Pewarna Semula Jadi Berasaskan Nanohablur TiO2)
Khalil Ebrahim Jasim*
Department
of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain
Po
Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
Diserahkan: 25 Januari
2010 / Diterima: 7 Jun 2011
ABSTRACT
During the last quarter of the twentieth century there have
been intensive research activities looking for green sources of energy. The
main aim of the green generators or converters of energy is to replace the
conventional (fossil) energy sources, hence reducing further accumulation of
the green house gasses GHGs. Conventional silicon and III-V semiconductor solar cell
based on crystalline bulk, quantum well and quantum dots structure or amorphous
and thin film structures provided a feasible solution. However, natural dye
sensitized solar cells NDSSC are a promising class of photovoltaic cells with the
capability of generating green energy at low production cost since no vacuum
systems or expensive equipment are required in their fabrication. Also, natural
dyes are abundant, easily extracted and safe materials. In NDSSC, once dye molecules
exposed to light they become oxidized and transfer electrons to a nanostructured
layer of wide bandgap semiconductors such as TiO2. The generated electrons are drawn outside
the cell through ohmic contact to a load. In this paper we review the structure
and operation principles of the dye sensitized solar cell DSSC. We discuss
preparation procedures, optical and electrical characterization of the NDSSC using local dyes
extracted from Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.), pomegranate,
cherries and Bahraini raspberries (Rubus spp.). These natural
organic dyes are potential candidates to replace some of the man-made dyes used
as sensitizer in many commercialized photoelectrochemical cells. Factors
limiting the operation of the DSSC are discussed. NDSSCs are expected to be a
favored choice in the building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) due to their
robustness, therefore, requiring no special shielding from natural events such
as tree strikes or hails.
Keywords:
Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV); nanocrystalline layer;
natural dye sensitize solar cell NDSSC; photoelectrochemical
cell
ABSTRAK
Sejak suku abad yang lalu, aktiviti
penyelidikan bagi mencari sumber tenaga hijau sangat giat dilakukan. Matlamat
utama penjana atau penukar tenaga adalah untuk menukar sumber tenaga
konvensional (fosil) dan mengurangkan pengumpulan gas rumah hijau (GHGs). Sel suria
konvensional berasaskan bahan pukal hablur, telaga kuantum dan struktur bintik
kuantum atau amorfus dan filem nipis daripada bahan silikon dan semikonduktor
III-V menawarkan kemungkinan penyelesaian. Walau bagaimanapun, sel suria
terpeka pewarna semula jadi (NDSSC) merupakan kumpulan sel fotovoltan dengan
keupayaan penjanaan tenaga hijau pada kos yang lebih
rendah disebabkan tiada sistem vakum atau kelengkapan mahal diperlukan untuk
penghasilannya. Selain itu, sumber pewarna semula jadi sangat banyak dan ia adalah bahan yang selamat. Di dalam NDSSC, apabila molekul
pewarna terdedah kepada cahaya, ia akan teroksida dan memindahkan elektron ke
lapisan nanostruktur yang mempunyai jurang tenaga yang lebar seperti TiO2, melalui sentuhan ohmik
elektron yang terhasil dikeluarkan dari sel dan terus ke beban. Dalam kajian ini, kami mengkaji struktur dan prinsip operasi sebuah
sel suria terpeka pewarna DSSC. Kami membincangkan prosidur penyediaan, pencirian optik dan
elektrik sebuah NDSSC menggunakan pewarna
tempatan yang diekstrak daripada inai (Lawsonia
inermis L.), pomegranat, ceri and rasberi Bahrain (Rubus spp.). Pewarna
semula jadi ini merupakan calon yang berpotensi untuk menggantikan sebahagian
pewarna buatan manusia yang digunakan sebagai pemeka di dalam sel
fotoelektrokimia komersial. Faktor pengehad operasi DSSC juga dibincangkan.NDDSC dijangka menjadi
pilihan yang diminati untuk bangunan-terkamir fotovoltan (BIPV) disebabkan
kelasakkannya, justeru ia tidak memerlukan
perlindungan khusus daripada fenomena semula jadi seperti pukulan pokok dan
hujan batu.
Kata kunci:
Bangunan-terkamir fotovoltan; lapisan nanohablur; sel fotoelektrokimia; sel
suria terpeka pewarna semulajadi
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*Pengarang surat-menyurat; email: khalilej@gmail.com
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